Abstract
Phytoremediation is a natural soil depollution approach whereby plant species are used to absorb and accumulate toxic metals such as lead. However, phytoremediation can be affected by plant sensitivity to high concentrations of heavy metals that reduce plant phytoremediation efficiency. To overcome this drawback, and to produce tolerant plants, the somaclonal variation technique is a tool of choice to introduce genetic variations in plant cells cultured in vitro under optimized caulogenesis protocols. Using combinatory concentrations of three phytohormones (benzylaminopurine “BAP”, gibberellic acid “GA3”, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid “2.4-D”), we applied a caulogenesis protocol in Populus nigra under lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] stress conditions and selected from the resulting somaclones those that tolerate an optimal combinatory concentration of the three phytohormones. By applying small composite design (SCD), response surface method (RSM) and desirability function (D), we found that the combinatory concentrations of BAP at 6.66 µM; GA3 at 0.38 µM; and 2,4-D at 11.36 µM were optimal for poplar caulogenesis on a culture medium containing 274.40 mg/L of Pb(NO3)2. Although Pb(NO3)2 inhibited caulogenesis, 2,4-D attenuated the inhibitory effect of lead on callus recovery. BAP, in turn, attenuated the inhibitory effects on bud induction and bud number of these plants. These results suggest that poplar caulogenesis can be optimized mathematically under heavy metal stress conditions in view of breeding stress tolerant somaclones.
Key message
The 2,4-D and BAP phytohormones attenuate the toxicity effects of lead on callus recovery and caulogenesis induction in Populus nigra, respectively.
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This work is part of a National Research Project (PNR) financed by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research: Algeria.
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RA, LK and MK conceived and designed the study. RA made the statistical analysis. FS and KH conducted Pb experiments. AO conducted the production of poplar callus experiments. LK, MK and AO contributed reagents and tools. RA, FS and LK wrote the manuscript. KH, AM and KM corrected the manuscript. All authors analyzed the data and approved the manuscript.
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Communicated by Mohammad Faisal.
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Amdoun, R., Sahli, F., Hamadache, K. et al. Optimization of caulogenesis in Populus nigra under lead (Pb) stress via response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function analysis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 142, 41–50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01827-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01827-0