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High-efficiency propagation of Chinese water chestnut [Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex Hensch] using a temporary immersion bioreactor system

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Abstract

Several studies have reported different propagation methods for the Chinese water chestnut [Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex Hensch]. To date, none of these methods have efficiently achieved large-scale plantlet production using minimal labor input. The present study investigated the propagation of Chinese water chestnut shoot tips derived from corm and creeping rhizomes in a temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIBS) compared with propagation using conventional semi-solid medium methods. We evaluated the regeneration capacity of the corm and creeping rhizome shoot tips of E. dulcis Guiti No. 2 sp. nov. and found that culturing under optimized TIBS conditions (15 min of immersion into nutrient medium every 8 h) produced the highest multiplication rate (36.5 times) and shoot-forming capacity (SFC, 68.9), and reduced the vitrification rate. Creeping rhizome shoot tips had slightly higher SFC than corm shoot tips; the highest shoot multiplication rate of 43.7 times in TIBS was obtained using Murashige–Skoog (MS) medium containing 4 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.5 mg L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). These optimized conditions were applied to corm shoot tips of E. dulcis Guiti No. 1 var. nov., E. dulcis Guiti No. 2 sp. nov., and E. dulcis Guifengti No. 1 sp. nov. Root formation was observed during the shoot multiplication stage on semi-solid MS medium; however, root formation was not noted during the shoot multiplication stage in TIBS. While TIBS produced a higher multiplication rate and SFC indices, there were no significant differences in average number of shoots per explant between TIBS and semi-solid medium. We also evaluated the effects of different immersion frequencies and NAA concentrations on TIBS propagation of E. dulcis Guiti No. 2 sp. nov. shoot tips by measuring the rooting percentage, average number of roots (length ≥ 3 cm) per explant, maximum root length, and root-forming capacity (RFC). The results showed that the medium containing 2.0 mg L−1 NAA at the rooting stage produced the best-developed root systems with the highest rooting percentage, maximum root length, and highest RFC (75.8 %, 8.5 cm, and 3.8, respectively); it also reduced the immersion frequency. The optimized conditions produced plantlets that had a greater capacity to acclimatize after transfer to the greenhouse. E. dulcis Guiti No. 1 var. nov. plantlets had the highest survival rate (95 %), largest diameters, and highest number of creeping rhizomes. The results of this study demonstrate that TIBS is a reliable and efficient method for large-scale propagation of Chinese water chestnut plantlets.

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Acknowledgments

Financial assistance was provided by the China National Science and Technology Support Program of breeding new varieties of aquatic vegetables and establishing a rapid propagation system (2012BAD27B01) and by the Biotechnology Research Institute. The authors express gratitude to suggestions and assistance given by Professor Lijuan Chen, Ph.D.; Liu Yang, Ph.D.; Cong Luo; Professor Xinhua He; Associate Professor Shaolong Wei; and Zhicheng Lin. We thank Binghua Cai, Jun Tan, and Wen Jiang for performing this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 174, Daxue Road, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China

    Meiping Gao, Wen Jiang, Shaolong Wei, Binghua Cai, Liu Yang, Jun Tan & Lijuan Chen

  2. College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, No. 100, Daxue Road, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China

    Cong Luo & Xinhua He

  3. Guangxi Tissue cultured Seedlings Co.Ltd., No. 174, Daxue Road, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China

    Zhicheng Lin

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  1. Meiping Gao
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  2. Wen Jiang
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  3. Shaolong Wei
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  4. Zhicheng Lin
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  5. Binghua Cai
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  6. Liu Yang
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  7. Cong Luo
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  8. Xinhua He
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  9. Jun Tan
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  10. Lijuan Chen
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Correspondence to Lijuan Chen.

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Gao, M., Jiang, W., Wei, S. et al. High-efficiency propagation of Chinese water chestnut [Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex Hensch] using a temporary immersion bioreactor system. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 121, 761–772 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0732-4

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