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Genotype- and age-dependent patterns of lignin and cellulose in regenerants derived from 80-year-old trees of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.)

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Abstract

Proliferating shoot cultures of black mulberry (Morus nigra), derived from axillary buds of two donor trees designated as Mn1 and Mn2, more than 80 years of age, were established in vitro. Subsequently, shoot-tips were used to induce both axillary and adventitious shoot regeneration following incubation on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 14 different treatments of various concentrations of plant growth regulators, including 6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ), and combinations of BA with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and TDZ with BA. The highest shoot proliferation of 5.3 shoots per explant for the Mn1 tree and 6.9 shoots per explant for the Mn2 tree were obtained when explants were incubated on a medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 BA and 0.1 mg l−1 IBA. The maximum frequency of adventitious rooting was similar for both genotypes. Changes in lignin and cellulose content, macromolecular properties of dioxane and Klason lignins, lignin monomer composition, and macromolecular properties of cellulose were determined in 1-year-old and 3 year-old micropropagated plants, as well as in the donor trees. Lignin and cellulose properties were significantly dependent on the genotype, the age and the mutual interaction of both these factors. The syringyl to guaiacyl weight ratio in lignin rose with the age of the micropropagated plants. Moreover, the tensile strength of wood in 1-year-old plants was supported by a high cellulose degree of polymerization. The highest polydispersity index of cellulose was detected in 3-year-old plants.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

BA:

6-Benzyladenine

DP w :

Degree of polymerization

G:

Guaiacyl

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

H:

p-Hydroxyphenyl

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

M w :

Molecular weight

NAA:

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid

NBO:

Nitrobenzene oxidation

PD:

Polydispersity

PPFD:

Photosynthetic photon flux density

S:

Syringyl

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

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Acknowledgments

This paper is dedicated to the late Dr. Július Vachold who contributed significantly to the conservation of old monumental trees in the Krupina region in central Slovakia. The authors thank Dr. D. Gömöry for statistical advice, Mrs. H. Parobková for her excellent laboratory assistance, and Mrs. E. Ritch-Krč for language revision. This publication is the result of the project implementation: ‘Extension of the Centre of Excellence Adaptive Forest Ecosystems’, ITMS 26220120049, supported by the Research & Development Operational Programme funded by the European Regional Development Fund (50%). In addition, this work was financed by the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA (1/0490/09 and 1/0587/09).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Phytology, Technical University, Masarykova 24, 960 53, Zvolen, Slovakia

    Jaroslav Ďurkovič & Andrea Kaňuchová

  2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Technical University, Masarykova 24, 960 53, Zvolen, Slovakia

    František Kačík & Rastislav Solár

  3. Forest Research Institute, National Forest Centre, 960 92, Zvolen, Slovakia

    Alžbeta Lengyelová

Authors
  1. Jaroslav Ďurkovič
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  2. Andrea Kaňuchová
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  3. František Kačík
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  4. Rastislav Solár
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  5. Alžbeta Lengyelová
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Correspondence to Jaroslav Ďurkovič.

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Ďurkovič, J., Kaňuchová, A., Kačík, F. et al. Genotype- and age-dependent patterns of lignin and cellulose in regenerants derived from 80-year-old trees of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 108, 359–370 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0047-z

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