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The lose of juvenility elicits adventitious rooting recalcitrance in apple rootstocks

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Abstract

For perennial woody plants, softwood cutting is an efficient technique for larger scale propagation and adventitious rooting of cuttings is one of the most crucial steps. To evaluate the significance of juvenility on adventitious rooting, rooting rates was compared between softwood cuttings collected from apomictic seedlings (juvenile), in vitro cultured plants (rejuvenated), suckers (juvenile like) and canopy shoots (adult) of reproductively mature trees in Malus xiaojinensis. After pre-treatment with indole-3-butytric acid (IBA) (3,000 mg L−1) + H2O2 (50 mM), rooting rates in cutting from juvenile, juvenile like and rejuvenated donor plants were significantly higher (>90 %) than that from adult trees. The effects of IBA on adventitious rooting were enhanced significantly by exogenous H2O2. After 15 passages of in vitro subculture, the micro-shoots from adult phase explants were rejuvenated successfully, marked by the elevated expression of miR156 in the leaflets of the micro-shoots. But the rooting ability of rejuvenated micro-shoots was recovered delayed at the 18th or 21st passage of subculture. During the process of rejuvenation, the leaf indole-3-acetic acid contents and the expressions of rooting related genes CKI1, ARRO-1, ARF7 and ARF19 increased significantly. In contrary, the leaf abscisic acid contents decreased. A lack of juvenility is the most important limiting factor governing adventitious rooting of softwood cuttings in apple rootstocks.

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Acknowledgments

This project was funded by the National Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Causes (Agriculture) (201203075), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant 31372020), the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (Apple) (CARS-28) and the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology) Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China.

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  1. Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Zufei Xiao, Na Ji, Xinzhong Zhang, Yanzhen Zhang, Yi Wang, Ting Wu, Xuefeng Xu & Zhenhai Han

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  1. Zufei Xiao
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  2. Na Ji
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  3. Xinzhong Zhang
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Correspondence to Zhenhai Han.

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Zufei Xiao and Na Ji have contributed equally to this work.

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Xiao, Z., Ji, N., Zhang, X. et al. The lose of juvenility elicits adventitious rooting recalcitrance in apple rootstocks. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 119, 51–63 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0513-5

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