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Prying into the green black-box

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Abstract

Life-long efforts of the Tartu photosynthesis research group have been summarized. The measurements were facilitated by self-designed instruments, distinct in multifunctionality and fastresponse time. The black-box type kinetical analysis on intact leaves has revealed several physiologically significant features of leaf photosynthesis. Rubisco studies reflected competition for the active site between the substrates and products, linearizing in vivo kinetics compared with the low-Km in vitro responses. Rubisco Activase usually activates only a small part of the Rubisco, making the rest of it a storage protein. Precisely quantifying absorbed photons and the responding transmittance changes, electron flow rates through cytochrome b6f, plastocyanin and photosystem I were measured, revealing competition between the proton-uncoupled cyclic electron flow from PSI to Cyt b6f to P700+ and the proton-coupled linear flow from PSII to Cyt b6f to P700+. Analyzing responses of O2 evolution and Chl fluorescence to ms-length light pulses we concluded that explanation of the sigmoidal fluorescence induction by excitonic connectivity between PSII units is a misconception. Each PSII processes excitation from its own antenna, but the sigmoidicity is caused by rise of the fluorescence yield of the QA-reduced PSII units after their QB site becomes occupied by reduced plastoquinone (or diuron). Unlike respiration, photosynthetic electrons must prepare their acceptor by coupled synthesis of 3ATP/4e−. Feedback regulation of this ratio leads to oscillations under saturating light and CO2, when the rate is Pi-limited. The slow oscillations (period 60s) indicate that the magnitudes of the deflections in the 3ATP/4e− ratio, corrected by regulating cyclic and alternative electron flow (including the Mehler type O2 reduction), are only a fraction of a per cent. The Pi limitation causes slip in the ATP synthase, slightly increasing the basic 12H+/3ATP requirement.

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Abbreviations

CET:

Cyclic electron transport

ETC:

Electron transport chain

ETR:

Electron transport rate

FRL:

Far-red light

LET:

Linear electron transport

MTP:

Multiple-turnover pulses

PC:

Plastocyanin

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

RPE:

Radical pair equilibrium

(S)STF:

(Saturating) single-turnover flash

wt:

Wild type

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Acknowledgements

I am thankful to my wife Tiiu Laisk for the sixty-two years of love and trust, allowing me to fully devote to science. The work was mainly financed by Estonian Republic (Soviet Union until 1991) via Tartu University and Academy of Science. Mine and Vello’s visits to Australian National University, Würzburg University, Sheffield University, Umeå University, Washington State University were financed by the hosts. Significant was the support by G. Soros Foundation immediately after Estonia became independent in 1991, and a grant by the European Commission ten years later. Once again I wish to mention the names Barry Osmond, Ulrich Heber, David Walker, Gerry Edwards, Richard Peterson, whose role has been decisive in my scientific career. And my cordial thanks to Reviewer #2 for the supportive attitude to publish this text.

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  1. Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 51011, Tartu, Estonia

    Agu Laisk

  2. Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia

    Agu Laisk

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Laisk, A. Prying into the green black-box. Photosynth Res 154, 89–112 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-022-00960-5

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