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Differential Expression of Proteins in Response to Molybdenum Deficiency in Winter Wheat Leaves Under Low-Temperature Stress

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Abstract

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for plants. To obtain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cold resistance enhanced by molybdenum application in winter wheat, we applied a proteomic approach to investigate the differential expression of proteins in response to molybdenum deficiency in winter wheat leaves under low-temperature stress. Of 13 protein spots that were identified, five spots were involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis, five were involved in the dark reaction of photosynthesis, and three were highly involved in RNA binding and protein synthesis. Before the application of cold stress, four differentially expressed proteins between the Mo deficiency (−Mo) vs. Mo application (+Mo) comparison are involved in carbon metabolism and photosynthetic electron transport. After 48 h of cold stress, nine differentially expressed proteins between the −Mo vs. +Mo comparison are involved in carbon metabolism, photosynthetic electron transport, RNA binding, and protein synthesis. Under −Mo condition, cold stress induced a more than twofold decrease in the accumulation of six differential proteins including ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large-chain precursor, phosphoglycerate kinase, cp31BHv, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, and ribosomal protein P1, whereas under +Mo condition cold stress only decreased the expression of RuBisCO large subunit, suggesting that Mo application might contribute to the balance or stability of these proteins especially under low-temperature stress and that Mo deficiency has greater influence on differential protein expression in winter wheat after low-temperature stress. Further investigations showed that Mo deficiency decreased the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids; the maximum net photosynthetic rate; the apparent quantum yield; and carboxylation efficiency, even before the application of the cold stress, although the decrease rates were greater after 48 h of cold treatment, which is consistent with changes in the expressions of differential proteins in winter wheat under low-temperature stress. These findings provide some new evidence that Mo might be involved in the light and dark reaction of photosynthesis and protein synthesis.

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Abbreviations

2-DE:

Two-dimensional electrophoresis

AQY:

Apparent quantum yield

CE:

Carboxylation efficiency

P max :

Maximum net photosynthetic rate

RuBisCO:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (program nos. 30671232 and .41171240) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (program nos. 2010QC037, 2010PY025, 2011PY150).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Xuecheng Sun, Qiling Tan, Zhaojun Nie & Chengxiao Hu

  2. US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Midwest Area, Plant Genetics Research at Donald Danforth Plant Sciences Center, 975 N Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA

    Yongqiang An

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  1. Xuecheng Sun
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  2. Qiling Tan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chengxiao Hu.

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Fig. S1

Sequence alignment of proteins CAA44027 (spot A1) and APP92166 (spot B1). Sequences were aligned in the online sequence alignment software Clustal Omega (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/) (JPEG 93 kb)

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Sun, X., Tan, Q., Nie, Z. et al. Differential Expression of Proteins in Response to Molybdenum Deficiency in Winter Wheat Leaves Under Low-Temperature Stress. Plant Mol Biol Rep 32, 1057–1069 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-014-0713-5

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