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Trophic group specific responses of alpine nematode communities to 18 years of N addition and codominant plant removal

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Human-driven nitrogen (N) deposition can alter soil biogeochemistry and plant communities, both critical to soil biota. However, understanding the relative impact of the relationship between nutrient resources and plants on soil communities has been hindered by a lack of experimental manipulations of both factors. We hypothesized that soil nematode communities would be structured predominantly by N addition via overall increased abundance, decreased diversity, and compositional shifts to dominance of r-selected bacterial-feeding nematodes. In contrast, we expected plant effects to be less evident and restricted to nematodes directly associated with plants.

Methods

We used a long-term (18-yrs) experiment in moist meadow alpine tundra involving N addition and codominant plant (nitrophilic Deschampsia cespitosa and nitrogen-sensitive Geum rossii) removal. We characterized nematode communities via 18S rRNA metabarcoding and used soil biogeochemistry, plant, and microbial variables to determine factors shaping their communities.

Results

The N addition treatment increased overall nematode abundance, decreased diversity, and affected the composition of all nematode trophic groups. Overall, nematode communities shifted to dominance of bacterial-feeding nematode taxa adapted to N-enriched environments. The likely drivers of this shift were increased soil nitrate and lower pH. The direct effects of codominant plants were more limited, with only changes in Geum rossii appearing to affect nematode responses.

Conclusion

Overall, nematode communities in N-limited alpine ecosystems are highly sensitive to increases in N availability, irrespective of the nature of N preferences of codominant plants. The resulting nematode community restructuring could signify future shifts in soil functioning throughout alpine landscapes.

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Data availability

All data is available at https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?packageid=knb-lter-nwt.6.4

All codes are available at https://github.com/WormsEtAl/Codominant-Plants---N-addition.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Noah Fierer at the University of Colorado at Boulder for funding the 16S sequencing through his Microbial Methods course. We thank Ciara Asamoto, Katherine Hernandez, Jessica Henley, and Matt Gebert for help with DNA extraction and PCR, and Angela Oliverio and Hannah Holland-Moritz for bioinformatics help. We thank all the field technicians who collected data through the course of this experiment—William Bowman, Julia Larson, Heather Bechtold, Isabel Ashton, Emily Farrer, Marko Spasojevic, and others.

Funding

This work was funded by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (to K. N. Suding, DEB-0919569; and Niwot Ridge LTER, DEB-0423662, DEB-1027341, DEB-1637686).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA

    Rachel M. Shepherd

  2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    Laurel M. Brigham, Steven K. Schmidt & Katharine N. Suding

  3. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA

    Laurel M. Brigham, Jane G. Smith & Katharine N. Suding

  4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA

    Laurel M. Brigham

  5. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Clifton P. Bueno de Mesquita

  6. Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Kaitlin M. Gattoni, Eli M. Gendron, Philip G. Hahn & Dorota L. Porazinska

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Shepherd, R.M., Brigham, L.M., de Mesquita, C.P.B. et al. Trophic group specific responses of alpine nematode communities to 18 years of N addition and codominant plant removal. Plant Soil 494, 353–371 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06281-3

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