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Soil properties and geomorphic processes influence vegetation composition, structure, and function in the Cerrado Domain

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Abstract

Background

The Cerrado of central Brazil—the world’s largest Neotropical savanna – is comprised of a mosaic of highly heterogeneous vegetation growing on an extremely diverse geologic and geomorphologic background. Geomorphic processes under stable tectonic and climatic conditions facilitated the development of diverse edaphic properties, which interact with disturbance events to form unique vegetation types.

Scope

In this review, we detail how the geophysical environment affects soil formation and evaluate the mechanisms through which edaphic conditions control vegetation structure, floristic diversity and functional diversity.

Conclusion

The influence of geomorphic processes on edaphic properties has a marked impact on the ecology and evolution of plant communities. Species exhibit morphological and physiological adaptations that optimise their successful establishment in particular soil conditions. Furthermore, fire disturbance alters these soil-vegetation associations further regulating the structural nature of these communities. Therefore, we propose an integrative view where edaphic, chemical and physical properties act as modulators of vegetation stands, and these conditions interact with the fire regime. The knowledge of plant edaphic niches, their functional traits related to resource acquisition and use, as well as the interaction of edaphic properties and disturbance regimes is paramount to research planning, conservation, and successful restoration of the full diversity of Cerrado vegetation types.

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Data Availability

The datasets analysed during the current study are available in the NeoTropTree repository (http://www.neotroptree.info/).

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Acknowledgements

This manuscript is a homage to Prof. Hans Lambers, who greatly contributed to the training, formal and informal education of researchers in Brazil. Prof. Lambers was a visiting Professor at the University of Campinas and in collaboration with Prof. Rafael Oliveira promoted the exchange of several postgraduate students between Brazil and Australia. The collaboration, formed in 2008, helped fill an important knowledge gap in root ecology and its relation to community assembly in nutrient-impoverished soils, shedding light on mechanisms underlying plant species occurrence, distribution, and interactions, which are dependent on how efficiently roots can acquire nutrients. His contribution to the Brazilian plant and soil sciences has been invaluable. We would like to thank Leandro Maracahipes, Natashi Pilon, and Rafael Xavier for their suggestions of species lists for the final figure. We also thank Francisco Ladeira for providing a picture of a Ferralsol.

Funding

DLM, LR and RSO acknowledge the joint NERC (Natural Environment Research Council)-FAPESP grant (NE/S000011/1 & FAPESP – 2019/07773–1) for funding this work. DLM further acknowledges FAPESP for granting financial support (Process 2019/18176–4). DLN acknowledges the support from Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for grants (140807/2017–9 and 164546/2020–0). AA acknowledges Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)—88881.172163/2018–01, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG Priority Program 1374 "Infrastructure-Biodiversity-Exploratories”. RSO received a CNPq productivity scholarship. We thank Dr. Francisco Sérgio Bernardes Ladeira to provide the Ferralsols photography.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083970, Brazil

    Demetrius Lira-Martins, Patrícia de Britto Costa, André M. D’Angioli & Rafael S. Oliveira

  2. ICHNOS Research Group, Geology Graduate Program, Unisinos University, Av. Unisinos, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-750, Brazil

    Diego Luciano Nascimento

  3. Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, Emil Wolff-Str. 27, 70593, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany

    Anna Abrahão

  4. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

    Patrícia de Britto Costa

  5. Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia, Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil

    André M. D’Angioli

  6. Institute of Geosciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil

    Evérton Valézio

  7. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK

    Lucy Rowland

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  1. Demetrius Lira-Martins
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  2. Diego Luciano Nascimento
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  3. Anna Abrahão
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  7. Lucy Rowland
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  8. Rafael S. Oliveira
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Contributions

DLM and RSO contributed to the study conception. All authors contributed to the study design. DLM, DLN, AA, AMDA, PDBC, LR and EV, worked on material preparation. DLM performed data collection and analyses. The first draft of the manuscript was written by DLM and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Demetrius Lira-Martins.

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Lira-Martins, D., Nascimento, D.L., Abrahão, A. et al. Soil properties and geomorphic processes influence vegetation composition, structure, and function in the Cerrado Domain. Plant Soil 476, 549–588 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05517-y

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