Abstract
Background and aims
Understanding how soil phosphorus (P) fractions change is critical to achieve more efficient soil P use in a highly P-sorbing calcareous soil.
Methods
The fields were managed without or with annual P fertilizer (40 kg P ha− 1), continuously growing sole cropping or intercropping of maize and faba bean. Soil samples (0–200 mm) were collected at the start of the experiment and eight years later, and we evaluated P fractions using sequential fractionation.
Results
Maize/faba bean intercropping had an average land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.2, a similar P content as sole maize, while both acquired more P than sole faba bean. Compared with the original soil P fractions in 2009, three cropping systems, regardless of P fertilization, depleted the labile P pool (Resin-P and NaHCO3-Pi), while Residual-P and NaHCO3-Po accumulated. Eight years of no P input showed sole maize mainly depleted NaOH-Pi and conc. HCl-Pi, sole faba bean depleting NaOH-Po, while intercropping depleted the most abundant P fraction, 1 M HCl-Pi, in addition to NaOH-Pi. However, long-term P application caused the cropping systems to accumulate 1 M HCl-Pi while depleting the conc. HCl-Po fraction; both sole faba bean and intercropping showed accumulation of NaOH-Pi, while depleting NaOH-Po.
Conclusions
Long-term appropriate P input enhanced the mineralization of mod-labile and non-labile organic P and accumulation of mod-labile inorganic P. Sole maize consistently depleted inorganic P and sole faba bean without P input depleted organic P, while intercropping accessed P pools varying with P input.
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Acknowledgements
This work received financial support from the National Key R & D Program (Grant Number 2017YFD0200200/2017YFD0200207), the ‘973’ project of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (Grant Number 2015CB150400) and the National Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant Number 31210103906). The authors acknowledge support through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Program for Research & Innovation under Grant Agreement Number 727217 (ReMIX: Redesigning European cropping systems based on species MIXtures).
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Liao, D., Zhang, C., Lambers, H. et al. Changes in soil phosphorus fractions in response to long‐term phosphate fertilization under sole cropping and intercropping of maize and faba bean on a calcareous soil. Plant Soil 463, 589–600 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04915-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04915-y