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Soil substrates rather than gene abundance dominate DNRA capacity in the Spartina alterniflora ecotones of estuarine and intertidal wetlands

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Abstract

Background and aims

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) plays an important role in keeping nitrate retention as a more bioavailable form (ammonium) in estuarine and intertidal environments. However, the effects of soil abiotic and biotic characteristics on DNRA in Spartina alterniflora ecotones of estuarine and intertidal wetlands remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, we used nitrogen isotope tracing and molecular approaches to investigate DNRA activity, and abiotic and biotic factors of both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils in Spartina alterniflora ecotones of the Yangtze estuarine and intertidal wetlands.

Results

DNRA varied significantly throughout the sampling sites, with potential rates of 0.53–3.57 nmol N g−1 h−1. The rates of DNRA were significantly higher in rhizosphere than non-rhizosphere soils at the oligohaline sites. Salinity had more influence on DNRA activity than Spartina alterniflora at the brackish sites. Total organic carbon, nitrate, Fe (II) and sulfide were significantly correlated with DNRA rates and nrfA gene abundance. Soil substrates strongly affected DNRA activity in rhizosphere soil, while nrfA gene abundance was the predominant factor mediating DNRA activity in non-rhizosphere soil. DNRA contributed more to the total nitrate reduction at the brackish than oligohaline sites, suggesting that DNRA plays an important role in nitrate reduction in estuarine and intertidal wetlands.

Conclusions

This study suggests that soil substrates rather than nrfA gene dominate DNRA activity in estuarine and intertidal wetlands after Spartina alterniflora invasion. Our results are helpful to understand the importance of soil characteristics changes induced by the exotic plant invasion to nitrogen cycling in estuarine and intertidal wetlands.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41725002, 41701548, 41761144062 and 41671463), the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholar of Fujian Normal University, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Chinese National Key Programs for Fundamental Research and Development (Nos. 2016YFA0600904 and 2016YFE0133700), and Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (No. PSA-SA-E-02). It was also funded by Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), China (No. YRWEF201804). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the early version of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China

    Xiaofei Li

  2. School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China

    Xiaofei Li

  3. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China

    Dengzhou Gao & Min Liu

  4. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China

    Lijun Hou

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  1. Xiaofei Li
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  2. Dengzhou Gao
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Correspondence to Lijun Hou or Min Liu.

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Li, X., Gao, D., Hou, L. et al. Soil substrates rather than gene abundance dominate DNRA capacity in the Spartina alterniflora ecotones of estuarine and intertidal wetlands. Plant Soil 436, 123–140 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-03914-w

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