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Transcriptomic changes following synthesis of a Populus full-sib diploid and allotriploid population with different heterozygosities driven by three types of 2n female gamete

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Abstract

Diploid gametes are usually applied to produce triploids of Populus [originating from first-division restitution (FDR), second-division restitution (SDR), and postmeiotic restitution (PMR) 2n eggs]. Three types of 2n gametes transmitted different parental heterozygosities in Populus. Failed spindle formation and no chromosomal separation to opposite poles during meiosis I mean that FDR 2n gametes carry nonsister chromatids that are potentially heterozygous. By contrast, SDR 2n gametes result from failed sister chromatid separation in meiosis II, and therefore, they carry sister chromatid that are potentially homozygous. Completely homozygous 2n gametes can arise from the PMR mechanism. The alteration of gene expression resulting from allopolyploidization is a prominent feature in plants. We compared gene expression in the full-sib progeny of three allotriploid Populus populations (triploid-F, triploid-S, and triploid-P) with that in its parent species, and their full-sib diploid F1 hybrid. Genome-wide expression level dominance was biased toward the maternal in the diploid F1 hybrid and three allotriploid populations, whereas our data indicated important, but different, effects of the transmission of different heterozygosity by 2n female gametes in the expression patterns of allopolyploids. Because of the higher level of heterozygosity, the triploids had higher rates of non-additive and transgressive expression patterns in the triploid-F than in triploid-S and triploid-P. Compared with diploid F1, about 30-fold more genes (251) were differently expressed in the triploid-F than in the triploid-S (9) and triploid-P (8), respectively. These findings indicate that hybridization and polyploidization have immediate and distinct effects on the large-scale patterns of gene expression, and different effects on the transmission of heterozygosity by three 2n female gametes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Guanjing Hu in Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames IA, for her critical reading of the manuscript. We are grateful to Dai Chen and Bo Zhang (Novel Bioinformatics Ltd., Co, Shanghai, China) for their technical assistance in bioinformatics analysis, and to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Research was supported by Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare (201404113), a National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470667), and 111 Project (B13007).

Author contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: Xiangyang Kang. Performed the experiments: Shiping Cheng. Analyzed the data: Shiping Cheng, Jun Yang, Ting Liao, Xiaohu Zhu, Yujing Suo, Pingdong Zhang, Jun Wang. Wrote the paper: Shiping Cheng, Xiangyang Kang.

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  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Shiping Cheng, Jun Yang, Ting Liao, Xiaohu Zhu, Yujing Suo, Pingdong Zhang, Jun Wang & Xiangyang Kang

  2. Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, 467000, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Shiping Cheng

  3. College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311, East Nongda Road, Urumqi, 830052, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaohu Zhu

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  1. Shiping Cheng
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Cheng, S., Yang, J., Liao, T. et al. Transcriptomic changes following synthesis of a Populus full-sib diploid and allotriploid population with different heterozygosities driven by three types of 2n female gamete. Plant Mol Biol 89, 493–510 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-015-0384-0

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