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FDR and SDR processes in meiosis and diploid gamete formation in poplars (Populus L.) detected by centromere-associated microsatellite markers

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Abstract

Sexual polyploidisation is one of the appropriate approaches in poplar breeding. Controlled pollinations were carried out with spontaneously formed, as well as induced, 2n gametes. Among the offspring individuals, 36 triploid plants and 1 tetraploid individual were detected by flow cytometry. The parental clones and all polyploid offspring individuals were genotyped by 18 nuclear microsatellite markers. The allelic configurations, especially tri-allelic patterns, and dosage effects were used to recognise diploid contributions of the male or female gamete. Three out of 18 markers localised near the centromeres of linkage groups I, X and XV. They are assumed to be unaffected by crossing over events and, therefore, able to ascertain the mechanism of first division restitution (FDR) or second division restitution (SDR) to generate diploid gametes. The applied three unlinked centromere-associated microsatellite markers allow a very effective determination of FDR resp. SDR processes. Altogether, 21 diploid pollen (10 FDR and 11 SDR) and 13 diploid ovules (1 FDR and 12 SDR) as well as 2 cases of postmeiotic reconstitution were determined with no inconsistency for the three markers. A female hybrid aspen clone (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) was assured to be able to frequently spontaneously form diploid ovules by the SDR mechanism. The transferred average heterozygosity in FDR gametes was assessed to be remarkably higher than that in SDR gametes. However, a selective inducement to favour FDR gametes seems not to be feasible with the current thermo-treatment techniques.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Yang Minsheng (Agricultural University of Hebei, China) for providing Populus simonii pollen, Mr. Volker Schneck (Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics Waldsieversdorf) for providing some spontaneously generated triploids poplar plants, Ms. Elke Ewald for laboratory assistance in genotyping and Ms. Dina Führmann for language editing. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was funded by the German Agency Renewable Resources (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (FNR)).

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A spreadsheet file in the form of marker/genotype data is provided as a supplementary material.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, German Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany

    Heike Liesebach

  2. Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, German Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Eberswalder Chaussee 3A, 15377, Waldsieversdorf, Germany

    Kristina Ulrich & Dietrich Ewald

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  1. Heike Liesebach
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  2. Kristina Ulrich
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Correspondence to Heike Liesebach.

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Communicated by A. Brunner

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Liesebach, H., Ulrich, K. & Ewald, D. FDR and SDR processes in meiosis and diploid gamete formation in poplars (Populus L.) detected by centromere-associated microsatellite markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes 11, 801 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0801-6

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