Abstract
Photosynthetic fluorescence emission spectra measurement at the temperature of 77 K (–196°C) is an often-used technique in photosynthesis research. At low temperature, biochemical and physiological processes that modulate fluorescence are mostly abolished, and the fluorescence emission of both PSI and PSII become easily distinguishable. Here we briefly review the history of low-temperature chlorophyll fluorescence methods and the characteristics of the acquired emission spectra in oxygen-producing organisms. We discuss the contribution of different photosynthetic complexes and physiological processes to fluorescence emission at 77 K in cyanobacteria, green algae, heterokont algae, and plants. Furthermore, we describe practical aspects for obtaining and presenting 77 K fluorescence spectra.
Abbreviations
- Chl:
-
chlorophyll
- LHC:
-
light-harvesting complex
- PSI:
-
photosystem I
- PSII:
-
photosystem II
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This review is dedicated to Govindjee. In addition to Govindjee’s original contributions to the field, we, the authors, are also very thankful to Govindjee for sharing historical context and personal connections, which contributed to researchers making their discoveries. In the case of 77 K fluorescence, the topic of this review, Govindjee was not only witness to its first implementation, but also went on to refine and extend the interpretation of this powerful measuring technique. The following short historical introduction into 77 K fluorescence often refers to information obtained from publications by Govindjee and coworkers.
Acknowledgements: Martin Hohmann-Marriott acknowledges support from the Research Council Norway (grant number 240741). Gunvor Røkke’s research was supported by a PhD fellowship from the NT faculty of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology–NTNU. Jacob Lamb acknowledges the support from the ENERSENSE research initiative, and his research was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology–NTNU.
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Lamb, J.J., Røkke, G. & Hohmann-Marriott, M.F. Chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectroscopy of oxygenic organisms at 77 K. Photosynthetica 56, 105–124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-018-0791-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-018-0791-y
Additional key words
- fluorescence
- low temperature
- photosynthesis