Abstract
The reaction of nickel with Na2SO4 was studied in an O2–0.1SO2 atmosphere at 700 °C, conditions typical of type II hot corrosion. The interaction of NiO with the sulfate was thermodynamically analyzed and compared with the dissolution–precipitation process known to occur at higher temperatures. Here the dissolution stage was short-lived due to a positive solubility gradient for Ni2+. The relatively fast growth of a NiO layer above a nickel sulfide layer was attributed to the inward molecular transport of SO2–SO3 through the porous NiO. The influence of environmental variables was further assessed by reacting nickel with and without Na2SO4 in air and then with no deposit in O2–0.1SO2. The roles of the deposit and atmosphere on the boundary conditions affecting the oxidation–sulfidation process were discussed on the basis of the observed reaction paths.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. A. Goebel and F. S. Pettit, Metallurgical Transactions 1, 1943 (1970).
R. A. Rapp and K. S. Goto, in Second International Symposium on Molten Salts, eds. J. Braunstein and J. R. Selman (The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, 1981).
R. A. Rapp, Corrosion 42, 568 (1986).
N. Otsuka and R. A. Rapp, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 137, 46 (1990).
K. L. Luthra and D. A. Shores, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 127, 2202 (1980).
N. Birks, G.H. Meier, and F.S. Pettit, in Introduction to the High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006), p. 205.
I. Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, 2nd ed, (VCH, Weinheim, 1993).
P. Waldner and A. D. Pelton, Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 95, 672 (2004).
A. K. Misra, D. P. Whittle and W. L. Worrell, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 129, 1840 (1982).
E. M. Levin, H. F. McMurdie and M. K. Reser (eds.), Phase Diagrams for Ceramists 1975 supplement, 1st ed, (The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, 1975).
K. L. Luthra, Metallurgical Transactions A 13, 1843 (1982).
K. L. Luthra, Metallurgical Transactions A 13, 1853 (1982).
K. P. Lillerud and P. Kofstad, Oxidation of Metals 21, 233 (1984).
M. F. Stroosnijder and W. J. Quadakkers, High Temperature Technology 4, 83 (1986).
P. Kofstad, High Temperature Corrosion (Elsevier Applied Science, New York, 1988).
F. Gesmundo, D. J. Young and S. K. Roy, High Temperature Materials and Processes 8, 149 (1989).
K. L. Luthra and W. L. Worrell, Metallurgical Transactions A 9, 1055 (1978).
S. Mrowec and K. Przybylski, Oxidation of Metals 23, 107 (1985).
R. Peraldi, D. Monceau and B. Pieraggi, Oxidation of Metals 58, 275 (2002).
K. L. Luthra and W. L. Worrell, Metallurgical Transactions A 10, 621 (1979).
C. S. Giggins and F. S. Pettit, Oxidation of Metals 14, 363 (1980).
T. Gheno, M. Zahiri Azar, A.H. Heuer and B. Gleeson, Corrosion Science (2015). doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2015.08.029.
R. Peraldi, D. Monceau and B. Pieraggi, Oxidation of Metals 58, 249 (2002).
A. K. Misra and D. P. Whittle, Oxidation of Metals 22, 1 (1984).
N. Birks, in Corrosion of High Temperature Alloys in Multicomponent Oxidative Environments, eds. Z. A. Foroulis and F. S. Pettit (Electrochemical Society, Las Vegas, 1976), p. 215.
M. C. Pope and N. Birks, Oxidation of Metals 12, 173 (1978).
N. Birks, G.H. Meier, and F.S. Pettit, in Introduction to the High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006), p. 188.
D.J. Young, High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Metals (Elsevier, 2008).
P. Kofstad, High Temperature Corrosion, (Elsevier, London, 1988).
J. Smialek, Materials at High Temperatures 17, 71 (2000).
T. Gheno, D. Monceau, D. Oquab and Y. Cadoret, Oxidation of Metals 73, 95 (2010).
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Department of Energy through the University Turbine Systems Research Program run by the National Energy Technology Laboratory, award number DE-FE0007271, Dr. Seth Lawson, project manager. The authors thank Prof. G.H. Meier at the University of Pittsburgh for useful discussions, as well as the reviewers for useful suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gheno, T., Gleeson, B. On the Hot Corrosion of Nickel at 700 °C. Oxid Met 84, 567–584 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-015-9588-6
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-015-9588-6