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Flavonoids in Combination with Stem Cells for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

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Abstract

Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the world's second leading cause of death. Despite the availability of significant knowledge to reduce the burden of some neurological disorders, various studies are exploring more effective treatment options. While the human body can repair and regenerate damaged tissue through stem cell recruitment, nerve regeneration in case of injury is minimal due to the restriction on the location of nerve stem cells. Recently, different types of stem cells extracted from various tissues have been used in combination with natural stimuli to treat neurologic disorders in neuronal tissue engineering. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that can induce the differentiation of stem cells into neurons and stimulate stem cell proliferation, migration, and survival. They can also increase the secretion of nutritional factors from stem cells. In addition to the effects that flavonoids can have on stem cells, they can also have beneficial therapeutic effects on the nervous system alone. Therefore, the simultaneous use of these compounds and stem cells can multiply the therapeutic effect. In this review, we first introduce flavonoid compounds and provide background information on stem cells. We then compile available reports on the effects of flavonoids on stem cells for the treatment of neurological disorders.

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Data availability

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Abbreviations

AMSC:

Adipose mesenchymal stem cell

Aß42:

ß-Amyloid 1–42

AHR:

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

APP:

Amyloid precursor protein

BDNF:

Amyloid precursor protein

BMSC:

Bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cell

CNTF:

Ciliary neurotrophic factor

CREB:

CAMP-response element binding protein

DCX:

Doublecortin

3,2'-DHF:

3,2'-Dihydroxyflavone

7,8-DHF:

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin gallate

EGR-1:

Early growth response protein 1

Erk 1/2:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2

GAP-43:

Growth-associated protein 43 kDa; also known as neuromodulin

GDNF:

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

hAMSC:

Human Adipose mesenchymal stem cell

ICA:

Icariin

ICAII:

IcarisideII

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

MESC:

Mouse Embryonic stem cells

NeuN:

Neuronal nuclear protein

TH:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

TRX:

Troxerutin

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NSC:

Neural stem cell

NPC:

Neural progenitor cell

PKB also known as Akt:

Protein kinase B

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PKCd:

Protein Kinase C Delta

PPAR-β:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β

PR:

Puerarin

Q3GA:

Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

SGZ:

Subgranular region

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

TrkB:

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B

TUJ 1:

Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin

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Funding

This work was supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohammad Sadegh Lotfi & Fatemeh Kalalinia

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakilabad Blvd, Pardis University Campus, Mashhad, 91886 17871, Iran

    Fatemeh Kalalinia

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MSL wrote the draft by collecting information and designing images. FK helped prepare the final version by checking the information and editing the initial version. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Lotfi, M.S., Kalalinia, F. Flavonoids in Combination with Stem Cells for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 48, 3270–3282 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-023-03986-w

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