Abstract
Synthesis and application of metal nanomaterials (NMs), particularly nanoparticles (NPs), have significantly increased in agriculture and biotechnology, various fields of medicine, energy, and material sciences. NMs synthesized from essential metals required by organisms are among the most preferred ones thanks to their unique physicochemical properties that make them suitable for agricultural and biotechnological applications. Magnesium (Mg) is an essential metal for organisms; however, NMs of this element have been little studied compared to those of zinc, iron, and copper, among others. This review thoroughly examines the use of Mg-based NMs (Mg-NMs) during the last decade. It compiles their physiological effects on plants and crop pathogens and addresses their impact according to intrinsic aspects of NMs, as well as plant immune responses. Spherical Mg-NMs are the most commonly studied in plant and crop pathogens. The sizes and concentrations of Mg-NMs range from 3.5 to 2000 nm and 0.15 to 20,000 ppm, respectively. In general, Mg-NMs appear to promote plant growth and systemic stimulation against pathogens with a few reports associated with high phytotoxicity, increase production of secondary metabolites, enhance phytoaccumulation/decontamination of heavy metals, improve postharvest flower quality, and have demonstrated antimicrobial activity for various crop pathogens. This document seeks to provide valuable insights into the current understanding and future research perspectives of Mg-NMs for their use in plants, phytopathogen control, and agricultural practices.
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JSS-L is supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Mexico through the Cátedras No. 7015, Project No. 1971.
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JSS-L and DES-L conceived the study, collected information, and led the writing of the manuscript. AL-V collected information and contributed to the manuscript writing. All authors have read and agreed to the current version of the manuscript.
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Supplementary file1 Supplementary Figure 1. Percentage of publications in Magnesium nanomaterials compared to other metal nanomaterials commonly used in plants and agriculture during the last decade (2011-2021). Web of Science search using the search terms: nano* AND Theme: plants AND Theme: agriculture AND Theme (Zinc‡) Publication time frame: 201 -2021. Databases queried: WOS, BIOABS, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, SCIELO. ‡Zinc is an example keyword that was replace by each of the elements in the pie legend (PDF 91 KB)
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Supplementary file2 Supplementary Table 1. Uses of Magnesium nanoparticles (Mg-NMs) in physiology and systemic resistance in plants. NR means information not reported in the original source. Concentrations are shown in their original values and equivalences in ppm. “X” is used to positively reflect whether the experiment was carried out indoor and/or outdoor. APX: Ascorbate peroxidase; CAT: Catalase, DPPH:2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; MDA: Malondialdehyde; POD: Peroxidase; ROS: Reactive oxygen species (XLSX 21.3 KB)
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Salas-Leiva, J.S., Luna-Velasco, A. & Salas-Leiva, D.E. Use of magnesium nanomaterials in plants and crop pathogens. J Nanopart Res 23, 267 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05337-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05337-8