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Eco-friendly synthesis of phytochemical-capped iron oxide nanoparticles as nano-priming agent for boosting seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

  • Emerging Trends in Biotechnology for Sustainable Development and Pollution Prevention
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Abstract

Recently the applications of engineered nanoparticles in the agricultural sector is increased as nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, nanocarrier for macro- or micronutrients, nano-sensors, etc. In this study, biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) have been synthesized through an environment-friendly route using Cassia occidentalis L. flower extract to act as nano-priming agent for promoting germination of Pusa basmati rice seeds. Different characterization methods, viz. X-ray diffraction, particle size analyser, zeta potential and scanning electron microscopy, were used to show efficacious synthesis of FeO NPs capped with phytochemicals. Rice seeds primed with FeO NPs at 20 and 40 mg/L efficiently enhanced germination and seedling vigour compared to ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) priming and hydro-primed control. The seeds primed with 20 mg/L FeO NPs showed up to 50% stimulation in biophysical parameters such as root length and dry weight. Substantial stimulation of sugar and amylase content was also reported at the same concentration. The antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly increased as compared to FeSO4 priming and control. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) study was also done for analysis of Fe, Zn, K, Ca, and Mn concentration in seeds. The seed priming technique signifies a comprehensible and innovative approach that could enhance α-amylase activity, iron acquisition, and ROS production, ensuing elevated soluble sugar levels for supporting seedling growth and enhancing seed germination rate, respectively. In this report, phytochemical-capped FeO NPs are presented as a capable nano-priming agent for stimulating the germination of naturally aged rice seeds.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Director MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, for providing necessary laboratory facilities. The Ministry of Human Resource and Development, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India, is acknowledged for providing financial assistance to Ms. Shadma Afzal throughout this tenure. The authors acknowledge CIR, MNNIT Allahabad for providing XRD and PSA facilities; MRC, MNIT Jaipur for providing FTIR, zeta potential, and FE-SEM facilities; and CRF, IIT-Delhi, New Delhi for providing ICP-MS facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, India

    Shadma Afzal, Deepa Sharma & Nand K. Singh

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  1. Shadma Afzal
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  2. Deepa Sharma
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  3. Nand K. Singh
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Nand K. Singh: designed the study. Shadma Afzal: performed the experiments, analysed the results, and writing—original draft preparation. Deepa Sharma: analysed the results. All the authors read, commented, and contributed to the revision of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nand K. Singh.

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Afzal, S., Sharma, D. & Singh, N.K. Eco-friendly synthesis of phytochemical-capped iron oxide nanoparticles as nano-priming agent for boosting seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 40275–40287 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12056-5

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