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Co-combustion performance of oil palm biomass with coal: thermodynamics and kinetics analyses

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Abstract

This paper comprehensively assesses oil palm biomass and coal blends, focusing on evaluating thermodynamic and kinetics parameters. The experimental approach employs thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) with varying heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K min−1. Laboratory tests are conducted on six blended samples of different coal and oil palm biomass ratios. The evaluation encompasses key combustion parameters, including ignition index (Di), burnout index (Db), combustion performance index (S), reactivity (R), flammability index (C), and index of intensity (Hf). Additionally, thermodynamic parameters such as a change in enthalpy (ΔH), change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and change in entropy (ΔS) are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the optimal co-combustion material is a blend of 76% low-rank coal, 19% medium-rank coal, and 5% oil palm fronds, identified as L80M20F. This blend exhibits superior combustion performance, as evidenced by the highest values for Di (31.17 × 10–8% min−3), Db (28.91 × 10–11% min−3 K−1), and R (39.18 × 104 mg min−1). Furthermore, it displays the lowest ΔH of 73.11 kJ mol−1 and ΔS of − 0.0452844 J mol−1 K−1, along with the highest ΔG of 179.77 kJ mol−1. The accuracy of these findings is confirmed through verification with the Gram–Charlier peak function, which yields a negligible margin of error. In conclusion, this study provides crucial insights for decision-makers by assessing combustion and thermodynamic parameters of oil palm biomass and coal blends. The L80M20F, identified as the optimum blended fuel, showcases its potential to enhance combustion efficiency and contribute to the energy transition toward net-zero emissions.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the Research Organization for Energy and Manufacture—National Research and Innovation Agency through the grant contract numbers 13/III.3/HK/2022, and also the Center for Technology Service. The authors acknowledge the facilities, scientific and technical support from the National Research and Innovation Agency through E-Layanan Sains (ELSA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Energy Conversion and Conservation, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

    Moch Zulfikar Eka Prayoga, Hanafi Prida Putra, Nesha Adelia, Ifanda Ifanda, Adi Prismantoko, Arif Darmawan, Soni Solistia Wirawan & Hariana Hariana

  2. Pupuk Kaltim, South Borneo, 75124, Indonesia

    Insyiah Meida Luktyansyah

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

    Moch Zulfikar Eka Prayoga, Hanafi Prida Putra, Prabowo Prabowo & Hariana Hariana

  4. Berkah Rekayasa Inovasi, Bogor, 16340, Indonesia

    Juli Hartono

  5. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan

    Muhammad Aziz

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Contributions

MZEP contributed to writing—original draft preparation, data curation, methodology, and analysis. HPP contributed to conceptualization, writing, methodology, and supervision. NA contributed to data curation, analysis, and writing—editing. IML contributed to data curation, writing, and editing. Ifanda contributed to writing and editing. AP contributed to data curation, analysis, and editing. AD contributed to data curation, writing, and editing. JH contributed to data curation, writing, and editing. SSW contributed to data curation, writing, and editing. MA contributed to supervision, conceptualization, writing, and revision. PP contributed to supervision and conceptualization. HH contributed to supervision, conceptualization, writing, and editing.

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Correspondence to Prabowo Prabowo or Hariana Hariana.

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Prayoga, M.Z.E., Putra, H.P., Adelia, N. et al. Co-combustion performance of oil palm biomass with coal: thermodynamics and kinetics analyses. J Therm Anal Calorim 149, 2873–2891 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12865-z

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