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Highly efficient intumescent flame retardant of dopamine-modified ammonium polyphosphate for the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer

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Abstract

With the widely application of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), the fire safety of the TPU composites has attracted more and more attention. In this work, a highly efficient and green flame retardant (DA-APP) was synthesized via the ion exchange reaction between biologically relevant molecule dopamine (DA) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). When the incorporation amount of DA-APP was 5 wt%, it was found that TPU/DA-APP5 passed the V-0 rating and the LOI reached to 25.9%. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of TPU composite decreased by 732.5 kW m−2 and total heat release decreased by 19.7 MJ m−2 and total smoke release decreased by 33.6 m2 compared to that of the neat TPU. Moreover, the flame-retarding mechanism of TPU/DA-APP5 was analyzed by TG-FTIR and Raman characterization. The results showed that DA-APP produced amino compounds and phosphoric acid at low temperature, promoted TPU to produce water and carbon dioxide, and diluted oxygen concentration during combustion. In addition, the dense carbon layer formed on the surface of TPU played an important role to isolate the diffusion of heat and oxygen .

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Acknowledgements

Financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 22105030) and the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Sichuan University) (Grant No. sklpme2020-4-06) would be sincerely acknowledged.

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China, 22105030, Yingming Li, the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Sichuan University), sklpme2020-4-06, Yingming Li.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China

    Wen-Juan Hu, Ying-Ming Li & Yi-Ran Li

  2. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China

    Ying-Ming Li

  3. IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906, Madrid, Spain

    De-Yi Wang

  4. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain

    De-Yi Wang

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  1. Wen-Juan Hu
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Hu, WJ., Li, YM., Li, YR. et al. Highly efficient intumescent flame retardant of dopamine-modified ammonium polyphosphate for the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 1841–1851 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11852-0

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