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Performance of thermosolutal discharge for double diffusive mixed convection of hybrid nanofluid in a lid driven concave–convex chamber

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Abstract

In this article, steady behaviors of a thermosolutal mixed convection of Ag–MgO (50–50%)/water hybrid nanofluid are investigated taking into account the effects of concave and convex shaped vertical walls of an enclosure. The incompressible viscous fluid flow is driven by the buoyancy force due to heat source as well as the shear force occurring for the motion of two horizontal walls in the same or opposite directions. One of the objectives is to study the thermal and solutal performances of the hybrid nanofluid with the use of theoretical and experimental correlations. We have found that experimental correlations perform better than theoretical correlations. The detail structure of fluid flow, heat and mass transfer are analyzed for various values of the pertinent parameters, namely Reynolds number (\(50\le \mathrm{Re} < 750\)), thermal Grashof number (\(\mathrm{Gr}_{\mathrm{T}}=5\times 10^{4}\)), Lewis number (\(1\le \mathrm{Le} \le 5\)), Richardson number (\(0.1\le \mathrm{Ri} \le 20\)), Buoyancy ratio (\(1 \le N \le 10\)), geometric parameters (A, B) (\(0.9\le A \le 1.1\), \(-0.1\le B \le 0.1\)) and solid volume fraction (\(0.0\le \phi _{\mathrm{hnp}} \le 0.02\)) of the hybrid nanoliquid. In addition, the effects of concavity and convexity of the vertical walls on double diffusion are analyzed and the impacts of hybrid nanofluid on heat and mass transfer are revealed. The steady-state results expose that Nusselt number increases with the geometry having large volume. Moreover, we have shown that the thermal and solutal performances of the hybrid nanofluid are better than the performances in the presence of nanofluid with Brownian motion. The outcomes show that geometry parameters can be treated as an excellent controller of the thermal and solutal performances.

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Abbreviations

L :

Length of cavity (m)

A, B :

Geometric parameters

Pr:

Prandtl number

Re:

Reynolds number

Ri:

Richardson number

D :

Mass diffusivity (m\(^2\) s\(^{-1}\))

g :

Gravitational acceleration (ms\(^{-2}\))

Le:

Lewis number, \(\mathrm{Le}=\frac{\alpha }{D}\)

N :

Buoyancy ratio parameter, \(N=\frac{\mathrm{Gr}_{\mathrm{C}}}{\mathrm{Gr}_{\mathrm{T}}}\)

k :

Thermal conductivity (Wm\(^{-1}\)K\(^{-1}\))

p :

Dimensional pressure (Nm\(^{-2}\))

P :

Dimensionless pressure

T :

Dimensional temperature

\(\beta _{\mathrm{T}}\) :

Volumetric expansion coefficient with temperature

\(\beta _{\mathrm{C}}\) :

Volumetric expansion coefficient with mass (concentration) fraction

C :

Dimensional concentration

c :

Dimensionless concentration

\(C_\mathrm{p}\) :

Specific heat (J kg\(^{-1}\) K\(^{-1}\))

Nu:

Local Nusselt number

Sh:

Local Sherwood number

\({\overline{\text {Nu}}}\) :

Average Nusselt number

\({\overline{\mathrm{Sh}}}\) :

Average Sherwood number

\(\mathrm{Gr}_{\mathrm{C}}\) :

Grashof number due to mass diffusion, \(\displaystyle {\frac{g\beta _{{\text {C}}}(C_{\mathrm{h}}-C_{\mathrm{c}})L^{3}}{\nu ^{2}}}\)

\(\mathrm{Gr}_{\mathrm{T}}\) :

Grashof number due to thermal diffusion, \(\displaystyle {\frac{g\beta _{\mathrm{T}}(T_{\mathrm{h}}-T_{\mathrm{c}})L^{3}}{\nu ^{2}}}\)

x, y :

Dimensional Cartesian coordinates (m)

X, Y :

Dimensionless Cartesian coordinates

u, v :

Dimensional velocities in x, y directions, respectively (ms\(^{-1}\))

U, V :

Dimensionless velocities in X, Y directions, respectively

\(\xi ,\eta\) :

Dimensionless coordinate in computational plane

\(\alpha\) :

Thermal diffusivity (m\(^{2}\) s\(^{-1}\))

\(\beta\) :

Thermal expansion coefficient (K\(^{-1}\))

\(\phi\) :

Volume fraction of the hybrid nanoparticles

\(\rho\) :

Hybrid nanofluid density(kg m\(^{-3}\))

\(\nu\) :

Kinematic viscosity (m\(^2\) s\(^{-1}\))

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s)

\(\psi\) :

Stream function

\(\zeta\) :

Vorticity

\(\theta\) :

Dimensionless temperature

i, j :

Cell faces

f:

Fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

hnf:

Hybrid nanofluid

hnp:

Hybrid nanoparticles

Ag:

Solid particle of Ag

MgO:

Solid particle of MgO

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Integrated Science Education & Research Centre (ISERC), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India

    Samrat Hansda & Swapan K. Pandit

  2. Department of Mathematics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, West Bengal, 723104, India

    Samrat Hansda

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Hansda, S., Pandit, S.K. Performance of thermosolutal discharge for double diffusive mixed convection of hybrid nanofluid in a lid driven concave–convex chamber. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 1109–1131 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11699-5

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