Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Thermoanalytical investigations of ancient ceramics

Review on theory and practice

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The review consists of four parts. Part I is about the thermal transformation in clay minerals under firing and about the properties of fired clay. The transformations in the clay are expressed quantitatively with the extent of conversion, α, which is the function of two parameters of firing process, time t and temperature T: α = f(t, T). Part II is about the estimation of firing temperature after the analysis of the products of firing clays. All the estimations are speculative, without mathematical equations. It is impossible to derive the value of only one variable T from α = f(t,T), the function of two variables. Part III is about the long-term inverse transformation in fired ceramic paste under ambient conditions. The mass gain as a function of time is used for the evaluation of the time elapsed from the ancient firing, t. Part IV is about the visualization of the extent of conversion of the clay in the paste after all direct and reverse reactions, i.e., α.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wilson AL. Elemental analysis of pottery in the study of its provenance: a review. J Archaeol Sci. 1978;5:219–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ortega LA, Zuluaga MC, Alonso-Olazabal A, Murelaga X, Alday A. Petrographic and geochemical evidence for long-standing supply of raw materials in Neolithic pottery (Mendandia site, Spain). Archaeometry. 2010;52:987–1001.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Arnold DE. Does the standardization of ceramic pastes really mean specialization? J Archaeol Method Theory. 2000;7:333–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Drebushchak VA, Mylnikova LN, Drebushchak TN, Boldyrev VV. The investigation of ancient pottery: application of thermal analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2005;82:617–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rice WE, Sherman RA. Determination of the distribution of heat in kilns firing clay wares. J Am Ceram Soc. 1924;7:738–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Garnsey W, Alley R. China, ancient kilns and modern ceramics: a guide to the potteries. Canberra: Australian National University Press; 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Coulson WD, Wilkie NC. Ptolemaic and Roman kilns in the Western Nile delta. Bull Am Schools Orient Res. 1986;263:61–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Pool CA. Why a kiln? Firing technology in the Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Veracruz (Mexico). Archaeometry. 2000;42:61–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Garrigós JB, Kilikoglou V, Day PM. Chemical and mineralogical alteration of ceramics from a Late Bronze Age kiln at Kommos, Crete: the effect on the formation of a reference group. Archaeometry. 2001;43:349–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Weaver CE, Pollard LD. The chemistry of clay minerals. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Velde B. Clays and clay minerals in natural and synthetic systems. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Odom IE. Smectite clay minerals: properties and uses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond A Math Phys Eng Sci. 1984;311:391–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kirkpatrick FA. Effect of the size of grog in fire-clay bodies. Technologic papers of the Bureau of Standards, vol. 104. Washington: Government Printing Office; 1918. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbst.3470.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  14. Shepard AO. Ceramics for the archaeologist. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington; 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Rye OS. Keeping your temper under control: materials and the manufacture of Papuan pottery. Archaeol Ocean. 1976;11:106–37.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bronitsky G, Hamer R. Experiments in ceramic technology: the effects of various tempering materials on impact and thermal-shock resistance. Am Antiq. 1986;51:89–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rice PM. Pottery analysis: a sourcebook. 2nd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 2015.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Kruglitsky NN, Datsenko BM, Moroz BI. The influence of raw materials composition on the properties of fired clay products. Ceram Int. 1984;10:78–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Thümmler F. Engineering ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc. 1990;6:139–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Deng T, Li J. Study on preparation of thermal storage ceramic by using clay shale. Ceram Int. 2016;42:18128–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bergaya F, Lagaly G, editors. Handbook of clay science, Vol. 5. Developments in clay science. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Brosnan DA, Robinson GC. Introduction to drying of ceramics: with laboratory exercises. Westerville: The American Ceramic Society; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Heinrich JG, Gomes CM. Introduction to ceramics processing. http://www.ceramics-processing.com/fileadmin/ceramics/Introduction_to-Ceramics_processing.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar 2018.

  24. Panna W, Szumera M, Wyszomirski P. The impact of modifications of the smectite-bearing raw materials on their thermal expansion ability. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;123:1153–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Souza MA, Larocca NM, Pessan LA. Highly thermal stable organoclays of ionic liquids and silane organic modifiers and effect of montmorillonite source. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126:499–509.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Húlan T, Trník A, Kaljuvee T, Uibu M, Štubňa I, Kallavus U, Traksmaa R. The study of firing of a ceramic body made from illite and fluidized bed combustion fly ash. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;127:79–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Pasiut K, Partyka J. The influence of ZrO2 addition on the thermal properties of glass–ceramic materials from SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O–K2O–CaO system. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;130:343–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kaljuvee T, Štubňa I, Húlan T, Kuusik R. Heating rate effect on the thermal behavior of some clays and their blends with oil shale ash additives. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;127:33–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Yataganbaba A, Kurtbaş İ. A scientific approach with bibliometric analysis related to brick and tile drying: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2016;59:206–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Gualtieri AF, Ricchi A, Gualtieri ML, Maretti S, Tamburini M. Kinetic study of the drying process of clay bricks. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;123:153–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Einstein A. Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen. Ann Phys. 1905;322:549–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Cranc J. The mathematics of diffusion. 2nd ed. Bristol: Oxford University Press; 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Monceau D, Pieraggi B. Determination of parabolic rate constants from a local analysis of mass-gain curves. Oxid Met. 1998;50:477–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tammann G. Über Anlauffarben von Metallen. Z Anorg Allg Chem. 1920;111:78–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19201110107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Pilling NB, Bedworth RE. The oxidation of metals at high temperatures. J Inst Metals. 1923;29:529–82.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Schütze M. The past, the present and the future of high temperature corrosion research—an EFC view. European Federation of Corrosion. 2008. http://efcweb.org/ppf.html. Accessed 27 Mar 2018.

  37. Simmons CT. Henry Darcy (1803–1858): immortalised by his scientific legacy. Hydrogeol J. 2008;16:1023–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Buckingham E. Studies on the movement of soil moisture. USDA Bureau of Soils Bull 38. Washington: Government Printing Office; 1907.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Richards LA. Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums. Physics. 1931;1:318–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hall C, Hoff WD. Water transport in brick, stone and concrete. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2011.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  41. Chapuis RP. Predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils: a review. Bull Eng Geol Environ. 2012;71:401–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. McBride JF, Horton R. An empirical function to describe measured water distributions from horizontal infiltration experiments. Water Resour Res. 1985;21:1539–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Küntz M, Lavallée P. Experimental evidence and theoretical analysis of anomalous diffusion during water infiltration in porous building materials. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2001;34:2547–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Wilson MA, Carter MA, Hoff WD. British standard and RILEM water absorption tests: a critical evaluation. Mater Struct. 1999;32:571–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Roels S, Carmeliet J, Hens H, Adan O, Brocken H, Cerny R, Pavlik Z, Hall C, Kumaran K, Pel L, Plagge R. Interlaboratory comparison of hygric properties of porous building materials. J Therm Envelope Build Sci. 2004;27:307–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Carpenter TA, Davies ES, Hall C, Hall LD, Hoff WD, Wilson MA. Capillary water migration in rock: process and material properties examined by NMR imaging. Mater Struct. 1993;26:286–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hall C. Anomalous diffusion in unsaturated flow: fact or fiction? Cem Concr Res. 2007;37:378–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hall C. Materials: a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Griffin IM, Hall C, Hamilton A. Unusual water transport properties of some traditional Scottish shale bricks. Mater Struct. 2014;47:1761–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Shou D, Ye L, Fan J, Fu K. Optimal design of porous structures for the fastest liquid absorption. Langmuir. 2013;30:149–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Washburn EW. The dynamics of capillary flow. Phys Rev. 1921;17:273–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Cai J, Yu B, Zou M, Luo L. Fractal characterization of spontaneous co-current imbibition in porous media. Energy Fuels. 2010;24:1860–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Washburn EW. Physical chemistry and ceramics. J Franklin Inst. 1922;193:749–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Washburn EW. Porosity: I. Purpose of the investigation II. Porosity and the mechanism of absorption. J Am Ceram Soc. 1921;4:916–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Washburn EW, Fooyitt FF. Porosity: III. Water as an absorption liquid. J Am Ceram Soc. 1921;4(12):961–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Washburn EW, Bunting EN. Porosity: IV. The use of petroleum products as absorption liquids. J Am Ceram Soc. 1921;4:983–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Washburn EW, Bunting EN. Porosity: V. Recommended procedures for determining porosity by methods of absorption. J Am Ceram Soc. 1922;5:48–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Washburn EW, Bunting EN. Porosity: VI. Determination of porosity by the method of gas expansion. J Am Ceram Soc. 1922;5:112–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Washburn EW, Bunting EN. Porosity: VII. The determination of the porosity of highly vitrified bodies. J Am Ceram Soc. 1922;5:527–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Vassiliou B, White J. Vapour-pressure/capillarity/temperature relationships in clays. Clay Min Bull. 1949;1:80–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Murray P, White J. The kinetics of clay decomposition. Clay Min Bull. 1949;1:84–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Murray P, White J. Kinetics of the thermal dehydration of clays. Br Ceram Soc Trans. 1949;48:187–206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. MacEwan DMC. Editorial. Clay Min Bull. 1949;1:69–71.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Mackenzie R. Origin and development of the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis (ICTA). J Therm Anal Calorim. 1993;40:5–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Kissinger HE. Variation of peak temperature with heating rate in differential thermal analysis. J Res Natl Bur Stand. 1956;57:217–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Blaine RL, Kissinger HE. Homer Kissinger and the Kissinger equation. Thermochim Acta. 2012;540:1–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kissinger HE. Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis. Anal Chem. 1957;29:1702–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Vyazovkin S, Burnham AK, Criado JM, Pérez-Maqueda LA, Popescu C, Sbirrazzuoli N. ICTAC Kinetics Committee recommendations for performing kinetic computations on thermal analysis data. Thermochim Acta. 2011;520:1–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Vyazovkin S. Model-free kinetics: staying free of multiplying entities without necessity. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2006;83:45–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Păcurariu C, Lazău I, Lazău R. Kinetic studies of the dehydroxylation and crystallization of raw kaolinite and fluorides-modified kaolinite. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;127:239–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Bray HJ, Redfern SA. Kinetics of dehydration of Ca-montmorillonite. Phys Chem Miner. 1999;26:591–600.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Webb SW, Stanley DA, Scheiner BJ. Thermal analysis of ion-exchanged montmorillonite. Part Sci Technol. 1986;4:131–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Guggenheim S, van Groos AFK. High-pressure differential thermal analysis (HP-DTA) I. Dehydration reactions at elevated pressures in phyllosilicates. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1992;38:1701–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Fajnor VŠ, Jesenák K. Differential thermal analysis of montmorillonite. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1996;46:489–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Prado JR, Vyazovkin S. Activation energies of water vaporization from the bulk and from laponite, montmorillonite, and chitosan powders. Thermochim Acta. 2011;524:197–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Bray HJ, Redfern SA, Clark SM. The kinetics of dehydration in Ca-montmorillonite: an in situ X-ray diffraction study. Mineral Mag. 1998;62:647–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Holdridge DA. Thermal expansion as a method for checking the composition of ceramic clays and of studying mineralogical changes during firing. Clay Miner Bull. 1959;4:94–106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Escalera E, Antti ML, Odén M. Thermal treatment and phase formation in kaolinite and illite based clays from tropical regions of Bolivia. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2012;31:012017.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Davidtz JC, Low PF. Relation between crystal-lattice configuration and swelling of montmorillonites. Clay Clay Miner. 1970;18:325–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Foster WR, Savins JG, Waite JM. Lattice expansion and rheological behavior relationships in water-montmorillonite systems. In: Proceedings of the 3rd national conference on clays and clay minerals, vol. 395, National Research Council (Canada), Ottawa; 1955. p. 296–316.

  81. Tamura K, Yamada H, Nakazawa H. Stepwise hydration of high-quality synthetic smectite with various cations. Clay Clay Miner. 2000;48:400–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Sharp JH, Brindley GW, Achar BN. Numerical data for some commonly used solid state reaction equations. J Am Ceram Soc. 1966;49:379–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Brindley GW, Sharp JH, Patterson JH, Narahari BN. Kinetics and mechanism of dehydroxylation processes. I. Temperature and vapor pressure dependence of dehydroxylation of kaolinite. Am Miner. 1967;52:201–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Criado JM, Ortega A, Real C, De Torres ET. Re-examination of the kinetics of the thermal dehydroxylation of kaolinite. Clay Miner. 1984;19:653–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Holt JB, Cutler IB, Wadsworth ME. Rate of thermal dehydration of kaolinite in vacuum. J Am Ceram Soc. 1962;45:133–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Flynn JH. Thermal analysis kinetics—past, present and future. Thermochim Acta. 1992;203:519–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Brown M, Flynn RM, Flynn JH. Report on the ICTAC kinetics committee (August 1992 to September 1994). Thermochim Acta. 1995;256:477–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Khawam A, Flanagan DR. Solid-state kinetic models: basics and mathematical fundamentals. J Phys Chem B. 2006;110:17315–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Brindley GW, Nakahira M. The role of water vapour in the dehydroxylation of clay minerals. Clay Miner Bull. 1957;3:114–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Štubňa I, Kozík T. Permeability of the electroceramics to gas and its dependence on the firing temperature. Ceram Int. 1997;23:247–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Wilburn FW, Sharp JH. The influence of heat transfer on reduced-time plots. J Therm Anal. 1994;41:483–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Ondruška J, Trník A, Medved I. Estimation of mass transfer parameters during dehydroxylation in a large ceramic body by inverse methods. Ceram Int. 2011;37:3299–305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ondruška J, Trník A, Vozár L. Degree of conversion of dehydroxylation in a large electroceramic body. Int J Thermophys. 2011;32:729–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Holdren GR, Berner RA. Mechanism of feldspar weathering—I. Experimental studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1979;43:1161–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Bowen NL. The melting phenomena of the plagioclase feldspars. Am J Sci. 1913;35:577–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Presnall DC. Phase diagrams of earth-forming minerals. In: Ahrens TJ, editor. Mineral physics and crystallography: a handbook of physical constants. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union; 1995. p. 248–68.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  97. Taylor M, Brown GE. Structure of mineral glasses—I. The feldspar glasses NaAlSi3O8, KAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1979;43:61–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Hardy M. X-ray diffraction measurement of the quartz content of clay and silt fractions in soils. Clay Miner. 1992;27:47–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Dolino G. The α-inc-β transitions of quartz: a century of research on displacive phase transitions. Phase Transitions. 1990;21:59–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. McAdie HG, Garn PD, Menis O. Standard reference materials: selection of differential thermal analysis temperature standards through a cooperative study (SRM 758, 759, 760). Washington: US National Bureau of Standards; 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Shoval S, Gaft M, Beck P, Kirsh Y. Thermal behaviour of limestone and monocrystalline calcite tempers during firing and their use in ancient vessels. J Therm Anal. 1993;40:263–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Cardiano P, Ioppolo S, De Stefano C, Pettignano A, Sergi S, Piraino P. Study and characterization of the ancient bricks of monastery of “San Filippo di Fragalà” in Frazzanò (Sicily). Anal Chim Acta. 2004;519:103–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Bayazit M, Işık I, Issi A, Genç E. Spectroscopic and thermal techniques for the characterization of the first millennium AD potteries from Kuriki-Turkey. Ceram Int. 2014;40:14769–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Fabbri B, Gualtieri S, Shoval S. The presence of calcite in archeological ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2014;34:1899–911.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Santacreu DA. Identifying spathic calcite recipe in archaeological ceramics: possibilities and limitations. Cerâmica. 2014;60:379–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Freeman ES, Carroll B. The application of thermoanalytical techniques to reaction kinetics: the thermogravimetric evaluation of the kinetics of the decomposition of calcium oxalate monohydrate. J Phys Chem. 1958;62:394–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Satterfield CN, Feakes F. Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. AIChE J. 1959;5:115–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Narsimhan G. Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. Chem Eng Sci. 1961;16:7–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Zsakó J, Arz HE. Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data VII. Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. J Therm Anal. 1974;6:651–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Vyazovkin S, Wight CA. Kinetics in solids. Annu Rev Phys Chem. 1997;48:125–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. L’vov BV, Polzik LK, Ugolkov VL. Decomposition kinetics of calcite: a new approach to the old problem. Thermochim Acta. 2002;390:5–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Maciejewski M, Reller A. How (UN)reliable are kinetic data of reversible solid-state decomposition processes? Thermochim Acta. 1987;110:145–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Criado J, González M, Málek J, Ortega A. The effect of the CO2 pressure on the thermal decomposition kinetics of calcium carbonate. Thermochim Acta. 1995;254:121–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Ingraham TR, Marier P. Kinetic studies on the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. Can J Chem Eng. 1963;41:170–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Maciejewski M, Oswald HR, Reller A. Thermal transformations of vaterite and calcite. Thermochim Acta. 1994;234:315–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Schneider H, Fischer RX, Schreuer J. Mullite: crystal structure and related properties. J Am Ceram Soc. 2015;98:2948–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Chakraborty AK. Phase transformation of kaolinite clay. New Delhi: Springer; 2014.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  118. Bellotto M, Gualtieri A, Artioli G, Clark SM. Kinetic study of the kaolinite-mullite reaction sequence. Part I: kaolinite dehydroxylation. Phys Chem Miner. 1995;22:207–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Gualtieri A, Bellotto M, Artioli G, Clark SM. Kinetic study of the kaolinite-mullite reaction sequence. Part II: mullite formation. Phys Chem Miner. 1995;22:215–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Romero M, Martín-Márquez J, Rincón JM. Kinetic of mullite formation from a porcelain stoneware body for tiles production. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2006;26:1647–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Pekdemir AD, Sarıkaya Y, Önal M. Thermal transformation kinetics of a kaolinitic clay. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;123:767–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Yürüyen S, Toplan N, Yildiz K, Toplan HÖ. The non-isothermal kinetics of cordierite formation in mechanically activated talc–kaolinite–alumina ceramics system. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;125:803–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Deutou JG, Mohamed H, Nzeukou NA, Kamseu E, Melo UC, Beda T, Leonelli C. The role of kyanite in the improvement in the crystallization and densification of the high strength mullite matrix. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126:1211–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Loomis GA. Porosity and volume changes of clay fire bricks at furnace temperatures. Technologic papers of the Bureau of Standards, vol. 159. Washington: Government Printing Office; 1920.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  125. Whiteley P, Russman HD, Bishop TD. Porosity of building materials—a collection of published results. J Oil Colour Chem Assoc. 1977;60:142–50.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Khalaf FM, DeVenny AS. New tests for porosity and water absorption of fired clay bricks. J Mater Civ Eng. 2002;14:334–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Heinrich JG. Physikalische und chemische Grundlagen der Keramik Teil II. 2010. http://video.tu-clausthal.de/videos/inw/vorlesung/tk-ws2009/Physikalische_und_chemische_Grundlagen_der_Keramik%20_Teil_II.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar 2018.

  128. Johari I, Said S, Hisham B, Bakar A, Ahmad ZA. Effect of the change of firing temperature on microstructure and physical properties of clay bricks from Beruas (Malaysia). Sci Sinter. 2010;42:245–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Ali MB, Hamdi N, Rodriguez MA, Srasra E. Macroporous ceramic supports from natural clays. Improvement by the use of activated clays. Ceram Int. 2017;43:1242–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Rouquerol J, Avnir D, Fairbridge CW, Everett DH, Haynes JM, Pernicone N, Ramsay JD, Sing KS, Unger KK. Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids (technical report). Pure Appl Chem. 1994;66:1739–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Fiès JC, Bruand A. Particle packing and organization of the textural porosity in clay–silt–sand mixtures. Eur J Soil Sci. 1998;49:557–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Hein A, Müller NS, Day PM, Kilikoglou V. Thermal conductivity of archaeological ceramics: the effect of inclusions, porosity and firing temperature. Thermochim Acta. 2008;480:35–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Fernandes FM, Lourenço PB, Castro F. Ancient clay bricks: manufacture and properties. In: Dan MB, Přikryl R, Török Á, editors. Materials, technologies and practice in historic heritage structures. Dordrecht: Springer; 2010. p. 29–48.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  134. Húlan T, Kaljuvee T, Štubňa I, Trník A. Investigation of elastic and inelastic properties of Estonian clay from a locality in Kunda during thermal treatment. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124:1153–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Monteiro SN, Vieira CM. Influence of firing temperature on the ceramic properties of clays from Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil. Appl Clay Sci. 2004;27:229–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Baccour H, Medhioub M, Jamoussi F, Mhiri T. Influence of firing temperature on the ceramic properties of Triassic clays from Tunisia. J Mater Process Technol. 2009;209:2812–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Moutou JM, Mbedi R, Elimbi A, Njopwouo D, Yvon J, Barres O, Ntekela HR. Mineralogy and thermal behaviour of the kaolinitic clay of Loutété (Congo-Brazzaville). Res J Environ Earth Sci. 2012;4:316–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Sousa SJ, Holanda JN. Characterization of non-calcareous “thin” red clay from south-eastern Brazil: applicability in wall tile manufacture. Cerâmica. 2012;58:29–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Karaman S, Ersahin S, Gunal H. Firing temperature and firing time influence on mechanical and physical properties of clay bricks. J Sci Ind Res (India). 2006;65:153–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Kidder AV, Shepard AO. The pottery of Pecos, vol. 2. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1936.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Church AH, Oxon MA. Some points of contact between the scientific and artistic aspects of pottery and porcelain. Lecture I. Terra-cotta, bricks, basaltes, earthenware, and unglazed bodies in general. J Soc Arts. 1880;29:85–8.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Papadopoulou D, Lalia-Kantouri M, Kantiranis N, Stratis J. Thermal and mineralogical contribution to the ancient ceramics and natural clays characterization. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2006;84:39–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Roberts JP. Determination of the firing temperature of ancient ceramics by measurement of thermal expansion. Archaeometry. 1963;6:21–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Tite MS. Determination of the firing temperature of ancient ceramics by measurement of thermal expansion: a reassessment. Archaeometry. 1969;11:131–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Squires GL. Practical physics. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  146. Shoemaker DP, Garland CW, Nibler JW. Experiments in physical chemistry. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Húlan T, Trník A, Medveď I. Kinetics of thermal expansion of illite-based ceramics in the dehydroxylation region during heating. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;127:291–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Pollard AM, Batt CM, Stern B, Young SMM. Analytical chemistry in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  149. Parr JF, Boyd WE. The probable industrial origin of archaeological daub at an Iron Age site in Northeast Thailand. Geoarchaeology. 2002;17:285–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. Cotter M, Cotter S. “The probable industrial origin of archaeological daub at an Iron Age site in northeast Thailand”(Parr and Boyd, 2002): a comment on the inappropriate application of geophysical and geochemical techniques to an archaeological question. Geoarchaeology. 2003;18:883–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Parr JF, Boyd WE. Response to Cotter and Cotter: confirming the probable industrial origin of archaeological daub at an Iron Age site in northeast Thailand. Geoarchaeology. 2003;18:895–900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. Meacham W, Solheim WG. Determination of the original firing temperature of ceramics from Non Nok Tha and Phimai, Thailand. J Siam Soc Bangk. 1980;68:11–4.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Marghussian AK, Fazeli H, Sarpoolaky H. Chemical–mineralogical analyses and microstructural studies of prehistoric pottery from Rahmatabad, South-West Iran. Archaeometry. 2009;51:733–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Périnet G. Contribution of X-ray diffraction to the evaluation of the firing-temperatures of a ceramic. In: Transactions of the VIIth international ceramic congress. London: The British Ceramic Society; 1960. p. 371–376.

  155. Palanivel R, Kumar UR. Thermal and spectroscopic analysis of ancient potteries. Roman J Phys. 2011;56:195–208.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Ravisankar R, Naseerutheen A, Annamalai GR, Chandrasekaran A, Rajalakshmi A, Kanagasabapathy KV, Prasad MV, Satpathy KK. The analytical investigations of ancient pottery from Kaveripakkam, Vellore dist, Tamilnadu by spectroscopic techniques. Spectrochim Acta Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2014;121:457–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Moropoulou A, Bakolas A, Bisbikou K. Thermal analysis as a method of characterizing ancient ceramic technologies. Thermochim Acta. 1995;269:743–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. Giordana A, Peacock E, McCarthy M, Guilbeau K, Jacobs P, Seger JD, Ramsey WG. Estimation of firing temperature and compositional variability of archaeological pottery by differential scanning calorimetry. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 2004;852:OO8.6.1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Campanella L, Favero G, Flamini P, Tomassetti M. Prehistoric terracottas from the Libyan Tadrart Acacus. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2003;73:127–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Gibson A, Woods A. Prehistoric pottery for the archaeologist. Leicester: Leicester University Press; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Singh P, Sharma S. Thermal and spectroscopic characterization of archeological pottery from Ambari, Assam. J Archaeol Sci Rep. 2016;5:557–63.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Sanjurjo-Sánchez J, Fenollós JL, Polymeris GS. Technological aspects of Mesopotamian Uruk pottery: estimating firing temperatures using mineralogical methods, thermal analysis and luminescence techniques. Archaeol Anthropol Sci. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0409-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  163. Gosselain OP. Bonfire of the enquiries. Pottery firing temperatures in archaeology: what for? J Archaeol Sci. 1992;19:243–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  164. Smith AL. Bonfire II: the return of pottery firing temperatures. J Archaeol Sci. 2001;28:991–1003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. Hall C, Green K, Hoff WD, Wilson MA. A sharp wet front analysis of capillary absorption into n-layer composite. J Phys D Appl Phys. 1996;29:2947–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Pachepsky Y, Timlin D, Rawls W. Generalized Richards’ equation to simulate water transport in unsaturated soils. J Hydrol. 2003;272:3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  167. Wilson MA, Hoff WD, Hall C, McKay B, Hiley A. Kinetics of moisture expansion in fired clay ceramics: a (time) 1/4 law. Phys Rev Lett. 2003;90:125503.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Savage SD, Wilson MA, Carter MA, Hoff WD, Hall C, McKay B. Moisture expansion and mass gain in fired clay ceramics: a two-stage (time)1/4 process. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2008;41:055402.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Savage SD, Wilson MA, Carter MA, McKay B, Hoff WD, Hall C. Mass gain due to the chemical recombination of water in fired clay brick. J Am Ceram Soc. 2008;91:3396–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Wilson MA, Carter MA, Hall C, Hoff WD, Ince C, Savage SD, Mckay B, Betts IM. Dating fired-clay ceramics using long-term power law rehydroxylation kinetics. Proc R Soc Lond A Mater. 2009;465:2407–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Wilson MA, Hall C, Hoff WD, Carter MA. Archaeological dating technique. Patent. 2010. https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2010131024. Accessed 27 Mar 2018.

  172. Quirk JP. Significance of surface areas calculated from water vapor sorption isotherms by use of the BET equation. Soil Sci. 1955;80:423–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Hagymassy J, Brunauer S, Mikhail RS. Pore structure analysis by water vapor adsorption: I. t-curves for water vapor. J Colloid Interface Sci. 1969;29:485–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Newman ACD. The specific surface of soils determined by water sorption. Eur J Soil Sci. 1983;34:23–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Pires J, Araujo AC, Carvalho AP, Pinto ML, Gonzalez-Calbet JM, Ramırez-Castellanos J. Porous materials from clays by the gallery template approach: synthesis, characterization and adsorption properties. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2004;73:175–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Lowell S, Shields JE. Powder surface area and porosity. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Ninov J. Hygroscopic sorption properties of metakaolin. J Univ Chem Technol Metall. 2010;45:47–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Cagnon H, Aubert JE, Coutand M, Magniont C. Hygrothermal properties of earth bricks. Energy Build. 2014;80:208–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. Hare VJ. Theoretical constraints on the precision and age range of rehydroxylation dating. R Soc Open Sci. 2015;2:140372.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  180. Tosheva L, Mihailova B, Wilson MA, Carter MA. Gravimetric and spectroscopic studies of the chemical combination of moisture by as-fired and reheated terracotta. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2010;30:1867–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Hall C, Hoff WD. Moisture expansivity of fired-cay ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2012;95:1204–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Wilson MA, Clelland S, Carter MA, Ince C, Hall C, Hamilton A, Batt CM. Rehydroxylation of fired-clay ceramics: factors affecting realy-stage mass gain in dating experiments. Archaeometry. 2014;56:689–702.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Clegg F, Breen C, Carter MA, Ince C, Savage SD, Wilson MA. Dehydroxylation and rehydroxylation mechanisms in fired clay ceramic: a TG-MS and DRIFTS investigation. J Am Ceram Soc. 2012;95:416–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Barrett GT. Rehydroxylation (RHX) dating: issues due to short term elevated temperature events. J Archaeol Sci Rep. 2017;14:609–19.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Barrett GT. Rehydroxylation (RHX) dating: trials on post-medieval brick using a component based approach. J Archaeol Sci Rep. 2017;16:489–502.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Barrett GT. Rehydroxylation (RHX) dating: mass loss issues due to incomplete drying, carbon content, and mineral alteration. J Archaeol Sci Rep. 2017;16:472–88.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Barrett GT. Processes and kinetics of mass gain in archeological brick following drying and reheating. J Am Ceram Soc. 2017;100:3108–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Barrett GT. Rehydroxylation dating: assessment for archaeological application. Ph.D. thesis, Queen’s University Belfast. 2015. http://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/files/61474855/G_Barrett_PhD_RHX_Full.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar 2018.

  189. Shoval S, Paz Y. A study of the mass-gain of ancient pottery in relation to archeological ages using thermal analysis. Appl Clay Sci. 2013;82:113–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Podoba R, Kaljuvee T, Štubňa I, Podobník Ľ, Bačík P. Research on historical bricks from a Baroque Church. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;118:591–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Hall C, Hamilton A, Wilson MA. The influence of temperature on rehydroxylation [RHX] kinetics in archaeological pottery. J Archaeol Sci. 2013;40:305–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Bowen PK, Ranck HJ, Scarlett TJ, Drelich JW. Rehydration/rehydroxylation kinetics of reheated XIX-century Davenport (Utah) ceramic. J Am Ceram Soc. 2011;94:2585–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Bowen PK, Drelich J, Scarlett TJ. Modeling rehydration/rehydroxylation mass-gain curves from Davenport ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2013;96:885–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Barrett GT. Rehydroxylation dating of fired clays: an improved time-offset model to account for the effect of cooling on post-reheating mass gain. J Archaeol Sci. 2013;40:3596–603.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Le Goff M, Gallet Y. Evaluation of the rehydroxylation dating method: insights from a new measurement device. Quat Geochronol. 2014;20:89–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. Gallet Y, Le Goff M. Rehydration and rehydroxylation in ancient ceramics: new constraints from mass gain analyses versus annealing temperatures. J Am Ceram Soc. 2015;98:2738–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Le Goff M, Gallet Y. Experimental variability in kinetics of moisture expansion and mass gain in ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2015;98:398–401.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Drelich J, Bowen PK, Scarlett TJ. Effect of humidity instability on rehydroxylation in fired clay ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2013;96:1047–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Burakov KS, Nachasova IE. Archaeomagnetic study and rehydroxylation dating of fired-clay ceramics. Izv Phys Solid Earth. 2013;49:105–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. Le Goff M, Gallet Y. Evidence for complexities in the RHX dating method. Archaeometry. 2015;57(5):897–910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. Kloužková AL, Zemenová P, Kohoutková M, Kloužek JA. Hydrothermal rehydroxylation of kaolinite studied by thermal analysis. Ceramics-Silikáty. 2013;57(4):342–7.

    Google Scholar 

  202. Paige J, Michelaki K, Campisano C, Barton M, Heimsath A. Are the intensities and durations of small-scale pottery firings sufficient to completely dehydroxylate clays? Testing a key assumption underlying ceramic rehydroxylation dating. J Archaeol Sci. 2017;79:44–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Zhao S, Bowen PK, Drelich JW, Scarlett TJ. Reproducibility in rehydroxylation of ceramic artifacts. J Am Ceram Soc. 2015;98:3367–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Nachasova IE, Burakov KS, Pilipenko OV, Markov GP. Variations in geomagnetic field and temperature in Spain during the past millennium. Izv Phys Solid Earth. 2015;51:574–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  205. Numrich M, Kutschera W, Steier P, Sterba JH, Golser R. On the effect of organic carbon on rehydroxylation (RHX) dating. J Archaeol Sci. 2015;57:92–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Moinester M, Piasetzky E, Braverman M. RHX dating of archeological ceramics via a new method to determine effective lifetime temperature. J Am Ceram Soc. 2015;98:913–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Carmeliet J, Hens H, Roels S, Adan O, Brocken H, Cerny R, Pavlik Z, Hall C, Kumaran K, Pel L. Determination of the liquid water diffusivity from transient moisture transfer experiments. J Therm Envelope Build Sci. 2004;27:277–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  208. Feng C, Janssen H, Feng Y, Meng Q. Hygric properties of porous building materials: analysis of measurement repeatability and reproducibility. Build Environ. 2015;85:160–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  209. Derkowski A, Kuligiewicz A. Rehydroxylation in smectites and other clay minerals observed in situ with a modified thermogravimetric system. Appl Clay Sci. 2017;136:219–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Sanjurjo-Sánchez J. Dating historical buildings: an update on the possibilities of absolute dating methods. Int J Arch Herit. 2016;10:620–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  211. Nachasova IE, Burakov KS, Bernabeu J. Archeomagnetic studies of the ceramic material from the “Cendres Cave” multilayer Neolithic site. Geomagn Aeron. 2002;42:808–13.

    Google Scholar 

  212. Drebushchak VA, Mylnikova LN, Drebushchak TN, Boldyrev VV, Molodin VI, Derevyanko EI, Mylnikov VP, Nartova AV. Physical and chemical characteristics of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age ceramics. Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 2006 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  213. Drebushchak VA, Mylnikova LN, Molodin VI. Thermogravimetric investigation of ancient ceramics: metrological analysis of sampling. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;90:73–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Drebushchak VA, Mylnikova LN, Drebushchak TN. The mass-loss diagram for the ancient ceramics. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011;104:459–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Drebushchak VA, Mylnikova LN, Drebushchak TN. Physical and chemical properties of ceramics from the chronologically transitional (Late Bronze-Early Iron age) site of Linyovo-1, Southern Siberia: methodological prospects and interpretation of the results. Archaeol Ethnol Anthropol Eurasia. 2010;38:60–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  216. Shoval S, Beck P, Kirsh Y, Levy D, Gaft M, Yadin E. Rehydroxyiation of clay minerals and hydration in ancient pottery from the ‘Land of Geshur’. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1991;37:1579–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Langmuir I. The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc. 1918;40:1361–403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Drebushchak VA. Isobaric dehydration of zeolites. Geokhimiya. 1990;124–9.

  219. Kloužková A, Kavanová M, Kohoutková M, Zemenová P, Dragoun Z. Identification of causes of degradation of Gothic ceramic tiles by thermal analyses. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;125:1311–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Földvári M. Handbook of the thermogravimetric system of minerals and its use in geological practice. Occasional Papers of the Geological Institute of Hungary, vol. 213. Budapest: Geological Institute of Hungary; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  221. Kubliha M, Trnovcová V, Ondruška J, Štubňa I, Bošák O, Kaljuvee T, Bačík P. DC conductivity of illitic clay after various firing. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124:81–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

VAD acknowledges that his work was supported by state assignment Project No. 0330-2016-0004. LNM acknowledges that her work was supported by state assignment Project No. 14Z50.31.0010.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

    V. A. Drebushchak

  2. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

    V. A. Drebushchak, L. N. Mylnikova & T. N. Drebushchak

  3. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

    L. N. Mylnikova

  4. Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia

    L. N. Mylnikova

  5. Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

    T. N. Drebushchak

Authors
  1. V. A. Drebushchak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. N. Mylnikova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. N. Drebushchak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. A. Drebushchak.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOC 1063 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Drebushchak, V.A., Mylnikova, L.N. & Drebushchak, T.N. Thermoanalytical investigations of ancient ceramics. J Therm Anal Calorim 133, 135–176 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7244-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7244-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation