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Ecology and climate sensitivity of a groundwater-fed lake on subtropical North Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah), Queensland, Australia over the last 7500 years

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Abstract

Lake sediments are important archives of past climate variability and lake responses to climate. In order to accurately infer past climates, it is necessary to understand, and account for, the ecological processes that affect the record of indicators preserved in lake sediment. This is particularly the case with respect to the concentration of carbon and nitrogen (TOC, TN, and calculated C:N), and the stable isotope composition of organic matter preserved in lake sediments. These are common, yet ambiguous, tracers of environmental change. Ideally, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions using the concentration and isotope composition of organic matter should be grounded in a detailed understanding of the sources of the organic material. This study documents the history and evolution of Blue Lake, an environmentally and culturally important oligotrophic, groundwater window lake on North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Australia. We utilise organic matter δ13C, TOC, TN, and C:N from a 2.4 m sediment core with a basal age of 7.5 cal kyr BP, to investigate changing organic matter sources as a measure of the climate sensitivity of Blue Lake. This interpretation is supported by data from contemporary algae, aquatic and terrestrial plants, and catchment soils. We show that lake nutrient dynamics drove an increase in algal biomass at 4.2 cal kyr BP. This change coincides with a widely documented intensification of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, which we infer to have influenced lake nutrient concentrations by reducing groundwater throughflow. Climatic changes resulted in marked changes in lake primary productivity, despite relatively little turnover of the lake diatom flora and catchment vegetation. This suggests that south-east Queensland dune lakes are sensitive to climate changes and helps to refine past and future palaeoclimate research using sediments from these lakes. It also indicates that increased nutrient concentrations in Blue Lake may result from projected changes in 21st Century climate.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Minjerribah (North Stradbroke Island) and the surrounding waters as Quandamooka Country and thank the Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation for permission to undertake the work. Financial support for the project was provided by Australian Research Council Discovery Projects DP150103875 and DP190102782 and Australian Research Council Linkage Project LP0990124. The 12 new radiocarbon dates were funded by Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) award AP11922. We acknowledge the financial support from the Australian Government for the Centre for Accelerator Science at ANSTO through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). We acknowledge and thank Grant Millar for his contribution and assistance in the field and staff at the British Geological Survey for the isotope analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geography, Environment and Population, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

    Charles Maxson, John Tibby & Cameron Barr

  2. Sprigg Geobiology Centre, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

    Charles Maxson, John Tibby, Cameron Barr & Jonathan Tyler

  3. School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK

    Charles Maxson & Barry Lomax

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

    Jonathan Tyler & Haidee Cadd

  5. National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, NG12 5GG, UK

    Melanie Leng

  6. Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, University of Nottingham,Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK

    Melanie Leng

  7. Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Jonathan Marshall, Glenn McGregor & Cameron Schulz

  8. ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), School of Environment and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia

    Haidee Cadd

  9. Chronos 14C Carbon-Cycle Facility, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Haidee Cadd

  10. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia

    Geraldine Jacobsen

  11. Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia

    Jonathan Marshall

Authors
  1. Charles Maxson
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  2. John Tibby
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  3. Cameron Barr
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  4. Jonathan Tyler
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  5. Melanie Leng
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  6. Barry Lomax
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  7. Jonathan Marshall
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  8. Glenn McGregor
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  9. Cameron Schulz
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  10. Haidee Cadd
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  11. Geraldine Jacobsen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles Maxson.

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Maxson, C., Tibby, J., Barr, C. et al. Ecology and climate sensitivity of a groundwater-fed lake on subtropical North Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah), Queensland, Australia over the last 7500 years. J Paleolimnol 67, 75–93 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-021-00222-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-021-00222-9

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