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Synthesis of novel biodegradable starch-PMA and Ag@starch-PMA polymer composite for boosting charge separation ability and superior photocatalytic performance

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Abstract

One of the main issues confronting researchers is the removal of hazardous organic dyes from industrial effluent. In this work, a biodegradable starch-based polymer (starch-PMA) and silver blend (Ag@starch-PMA) nanocomposite were developed by a free radical process and employed as adsorbents for efficiently removing the hazardous dyes from industrial wastewater. The synthesized polymer adsorbent’s ability to bind to the methylene blue dye in water was tested under optimal conditions. The techniques, including FTIR, indicate the functional groups, TGA/DTG provide the thermal degradation of Ag@starch-PMA (76%) and starch-PMA (90%) at 520 °C and 500 °C, respectively. The surface morphology of the composites was investigated using SEM, and their biodegradation was examined using the soil burial technique. Further, in the adsorption process, parameters like adsorbent dose (0.15 g), pH range (2–12), and dye solution concentration (10 ppm) are optimized. The experimental data indicate the adsorption efficiency of Ag@starch-PMA (95%) and starch-PMA (92%) under the basic pH (8.4–10.4) and further remains constant. The qmax of starch-PMA (522.7834 mg/g) and Ag@starch-PMA (541.2563 mg/g) were assessed by Freundlich adsorption isotherm. In addition, linear fitting kinetic data of starch-PMA (R2 = 0.8619) and Ag@starch-PMA (R2 = 0.9898) showed that the adsorbents follow the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order of reaction, respectively. A unique adsorbent for the removal of MB dye from an aqueous solution may therefore be found in the resultant nanocomposite.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at University of Bisha for supporting this work through the Fast-Track Research Support Program. This research was funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R7), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at University of Bisha for supporting this work through the Fast-Track Research Support Program. This research was funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R7), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan

    Muhammad Amjad, Ayesha Mohyuddin, Mohsin Javed & Wajad Ulfat

  2. Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan

    Shahid Iqbal

  3. Energy Systems Engineering Department, U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Rabia Liaquat

  4. Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed T. Alotaibi

  5. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O Box 511, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia

    Randa A. Althobiti

  6. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Eman Alzahrani

  7. Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Abd-ElAziem Farouk

  8. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia

    Murefah Mana Al-Anazy

  9. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia

    Eslam B. Elkaeed

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Contributions

MA: Conception, performed adsorption experiments, visualization of data, writing reviewing, and editing. AM: Material synthesis, visualization of data, writing reviewing, and editing. MJ: Analysis and/or interpretation of data, performed SEM analysis. SI: Design of study, performed major experimental works, writing-original draft preparation. RL: Methodology, reviewed original manuscript, and critical revision. MTA: Conducted XRD experiments, acquisition of data, and writing-original draft preparation. WU: Drafting the revised manuscript, performed Cu removal analysis and critical revision. RAA: Conception, FTIR analysis, acquisition of data, interpret the data. EA: Visualization of data, BET analysis, reviewed the original manuscript and critical revision. AEAF: Drafting the revised manuscript, acquisition of data, and critical revision. MMAA: Acquisition of data, reviewed original manuscript, and critical revision. EBE: Analysis and/or interpretation of data, reviewed the original manuscript and critical revision.

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Amjad, M., Mohyuddin, A., Javed, M. et al. Synthesis of novel biodegradable starch-PMA and Ag@starch-PMA polymer composite for boosting charge separation ability and superior photocatalytic performance. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1577 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10997-4

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