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Refinement of some basic features of Zr surface-layered Bi-2223 superconductor with diffusion annealing temperature

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Abstract

This study aims to investigate the influences of diffusion annealing temperatures on structural, morphological, electrical, and superconducting features of Zr surface-layered Bi-2223 ceramics. The present study also covers an in-depth understanding of correlations between disorders and transition temperatures. The Zr diffusion is carried out via an annealing process between 650 and 840 °C. The observed results depict that the Zr ions can easily diffuse into the deeper level of Bi-ceramics and possible Zr/Bi substitution has occurred due to the driving force of high thermal energy. Besides, it is found that the Zr diffusion improves the general crystallinity quantities of Bi-2223 ceramic up to 800 °C annealing temperature. In addition, better intergranular couplings with a smoother plate-like structure are extensively observed in surface morphology for the samples annealed at 800 °C. Significant refinements of both basic electrical resistivity, hole carrier densities, and critical temperatures with narrow transitions are also obtained for the Zr surface-layered Bi-2223 ceramics after the 800 °C annealing process. The obtained improvements in critical fundamental features can be attributed to the optimum pairing mechanism, best crystal structure quality, ideal Cu–O2 interlayer coupling strengths, and enhanced interaction between adjacent superconductive layers. Besides, the first-order derivative of electrical resistivity versus temperature graphs indicates that the best annealing temperature enables to triggers to stabilize the superconductivity in the homogeneous regions. It can be concluded that the Zr impurity diffusion at 800 °C is promising for the improvement in the basic features of Bi-2223 superconducting systems for future applications in superconductor technology.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by own budget of the authors and partially supported by Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University with contact no 2022.09.03.1560. This study forms a part of the MSc thesis of Emre ORHAN. We would like to thank to physics department. The authors also would like to thank to pyPENELOPE development group (http://pypenelope.sourceforge.net) for open source and free usage of the simulation package used for electron trajectory specification in Fig.3g in this study.

Funding

This work was partially supported by Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University with contact no 2022.09.03.1560.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Electronics Engineering Department, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey

    E. Orhan, E. Kara & R. Terzioğlu

  2. Vocational School of Health Services, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey

    Ş. Kaya

  3. Electronic and Automation Department, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey

    M. U. Doğan

  4. Mechanical Engineering Department, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey

    G. Yildirim

  5. Physics Department, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey

    C. Terzioğlu

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  1. E. Orhan
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  2. E. Kara
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  3. Ş. Kaya
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All the authors analyzed and discussed the results and contributed to the writing of the paper.

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Correspondence to Ş. Kaya.

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Orhan, E., Kara, E., Kaya, Ş. et al. Refinement of some basic features of Zr surface-layered Bi-2223 superconductor with diffusion annealing temperature. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 20696–20712 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08880-9

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