Abstract
To upgrade piezoelectric properties of lead-free ceramics, (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Zr0.09Ti0.91)O3 + 0.6 wt% Li2CO3 ceramics by doping tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) were successfully fabricated by microwave sintering (MWS) and conventional solid phase sintering (CS), respectively. The results show that piezoelectric performance of the ceramics by MWS (d33 ~ 317 pC/N, Pr ~ 12.39 µC/cm2 and Tc~ 101 °C, respectively) is significantly enhanced compared with the ceramics by CS (d33 ~ 203 pC/N, Pr ~ 9.33 µC/cm2 and Tc~ 94 °C, respectively), and the optimum properties by doping the Ta2O5 are obtained at x = 0.04 wt%, which is attributed to that rhombohedral–tetragonal (R–T) phase coexists in samples by MWS. The temperature-dependent dielectric performance of the ceramics manifests evident relaxor phenomena under 1 MHz by MWS, which proved that the samples were relaxor ferroelectrics with a large dielectric constant (5512, x = 0.04 wt%).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.H. Haertling, Ferroelectric ceramics: history and technology. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82(4), 797–818 (1999)
S.T. Zhang, A.B. Kounga, E. Aulbach, H. Ehrenberg, J. Rodel, Giant strain in lead-free piezoceramics Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–K0.5Na0.5NbO3 system. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(11), 112906 (2007)
C.A. Randall, A. Kelnberger, G.Y. Yang, R.E. Eitel, T.R. Shrout, High strain piezoelectric multilayer actuators—a material science and engineering challenge. J. Electroceram. 14(3), 177–191 (2005)
J. Rödel, K.G. Webber, R. Dittmer, W. Jo, M. Kimura, D. Damjanovic, Transferring lead-free piezoelectric ceramics into application. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 35(6), 1659–1681 (2015)
J. Rodel, W. Jo, K.T.P. Seifert, E.M. Anton, D. Damjanovic, Perspective on the development of lead-free piezoceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 92(6), 1153–1177 (2009)
N. Ma, B.P. Zhang, W.G. Yang, D. Guo, Phase structure and nano-domain in high performance of BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 32(5), 1059–1066 (2012)
W. Li, Z. Xu, R. Chu, P. Fu, G. Zang, Improved piezoelectric property and bright upconversion luminescence in Er doped (Ba0.99Ca0.01)(Ti0.98Zr0.02)O3 ceramics. J. Alloy Compd. 583, 305–308 (2014)
Y.M. You, W.Q. Liao, D. Zhao, H.Y. Ye, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhou, X. Niu, J. Wang, P.F. Li, D.W. Fu, An organic–inorganic perovskite ferroelectric with large piezoelectric response. Science 357(6348), 306–309 (2017)
S. Zhang, X. Ru, T.R. Shrout, G. Zang, J. Wang, Piezoelectric properties in perovskite 0.948(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.052LiSbO3lead-free ceramics. J. Appl. Phys. 100(10), 104108-104108–6 (2006)
X. Huang, R. Xing, C. Gao, Z. Chen, Influence of CeO2 doping amount on property of BCTZ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics sintered at low temperature. J. Rare Earths 32(8), 733–737 (2014)
L. Wei, Z. Xu, R. Chu, P. Fu, P. An, Effect of Ho doping on piezoelectric properties of BCZT ceramics. Ceram. Int. 38(5), 4353–4355 (2012)
H. Sun, S. Duan, X. Liu, D. Wang, H. Sui, Lead-free Ba0.98Ca0.02Zr0.02Ti0.98O3 ceramics with enhanced electrical performance by modifying MnO2 doping content and sintering temperature. J. Alloy Compd. 670, 262–267 (2016)
W. Bai, J. Xi, J. Zhang, B. Shen, J. Zhai, H. Yan, Effect of different templates on structure evolution and large strain response under a low electric field in <00l>-textured lead-free BNT-based piezoelectric ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 35(9), 2489–2499 (2015)
W. Bai, D. Chen, L. Peng, S. Bo, J. Zhai, Z. Ji, Enhanced electromechanical properties in <00l>-textured (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 lead-free piezoceramics. Ceram. Int. 42(2), 3429–3436 (2016)
P. Chang, L. He, D. Wei, H. Wang, Textured Z-type hexaferrites Ba3Co2Fe24O41 ceramics with high permeability by reactive templated grain growth method. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 36, 2519–2524 (2016)
S.B. Li, L.M. Zhang, C.B. Wang, X. Ji, Q. Shen, Structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.10Ti0.90O3 ceramics prepared by plasma activated sintering. Ceram. Int. 42(1), 18585–18591 (2016)
E.R.M. Andreeta, H.F.L. dos Santos, M.R.B. Andreeta, M.H. Lente, D. Garcia, A.C. Hernandes, J.A. Eiras, Anisotropy on SrTiO3 templated textured PMN-PT monolithic ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27(6), 2463–2469 (2007)
D. Xue, Y. Zhou, H. Bao, J. Gao, C. Zhou, X. Ren, Large piezoelectric effect in Pb-free Ba(Ti, Sn)O3–x(Ba, Ca)TiO3 ceramics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(12), 122901 (2009)
S. Mahajan, O.P. Thakur, D.K. Bhattacharya, K. Sreenivas, A comparative study of Ba0.95Ca0.05Zr0.25Ti0.75O3 relaxor ceramics prepared by conventional and microwave sintering techniques. Mater. Chem. Phys. 112(3), 858–862 (2008)
E. Cai, Q. Liu, S. Zhou, Y. Zhu, A. Xue, Structure, piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of lead-free (1 − x)(Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Ti0.93Zr0.07)O3–x (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3 ceramics. J.Alloy Compd. 726, 1168–1178 (2017)
E. Cai, Q. Liu, F. Zeng, Y. Wang, X. An, A comparative study of lead-free (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Ti0.9Zr0.08Sn0.02)O3 ceramics prepared by conventional sintering and microwave sintering techniques. Ceram. Int. 44(1), 788–798 (2017)
F. Zeng, Q. Liu, E. Cai, Y. Wang, A. Xue, Relaxor phenomenon of (1 − x)(Ba.85Ca.15)(Zr.09Ti.91)O3–xTa + 0.6 wt% Li2CO3 ceramics with high piezoelectric constant and Curie temperature. Ceram. Int. 44, 10677–10684 (2018)
F. Zeng, Q. Liu, Y. Wang, S. Peng, A. Xue, E. Cai, Dielectric loss models, relaxor behavior and high ferroelectric properties of BCZTS–xST ceramics. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 18978–18988 (2018)
F. Zeng, Q. Liu, S. Peng, Y. Wang, E. Cai, A. Xue, S. Zhou, The (1 − x)Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.08Ti0.92–xGe lead-free ceramics with high piezoelectric activity and ultrahigh dielectric constant. Ceram. Int. 45, 1416–1419 (2018)
T. Yoed, D.D. Timothy, A.R. Clive, Crystal and defect chemistry of rare earth cations in BaTiO3. J. Electroceram. 7, 25–34 (2001)
W. Li, X. Liu, J. Ma, Y. Wu, Y. Cui, Low temperature sintering and properties of lead-free (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 ceramics with Ba(Cu0.5W0.5)O3 addition. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 24, 1551–1555 (2012)
J. Hao, W. Bai, W. Li, J. Zhai, Correlation between the microstructure and electrical properties in high-performance (Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95, 1998–2006 (2012)
B. Li, X. Wang, L. Li, H. Zhou, X. Liu, X. Han, Y. Zhang, X. Qi, X. Deng, Dielectric properties of fine-grained BaTiO3 prepared by spark-plasma-sintering. Mater. Chem. Phys. 83(1), 23–28 (2004)
C. Han, J. Wu, C. Pu, S. Qiao, B. Wu, J. Zhu, D. Xiao, High piezoelectric coefficient of Pr2O3-doped Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 ceramics. Ceram. Int. 38(8), 6359–6363 (2012)
S. Mahboob Rizwana, G. Prasad, G.S. Kumar, Dielectric, impedance and electromechanical studies on [Ba(Nd0.1Ti0.8Nb0.1)O3]1 − y[Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3]y relaxor ceramics prepared through conventional and microwave sintering route. Ferroelectrics 506(1), 63–75 (2017)
J. Ma, X. Liu, W. Li, High piezoelectric coefficient and temperature stability of Ga2O3-doped (Ba0.99Ca0.01) (Zr0.02Ti0.98)O3 lead-free ceramics by low-temperature sintering. J.Alloy Compd. 581, 642–645 (2013)
Z.G. Ye, Relaxor ferroelectric complex perovskites: structure, properties and phase transitions. Key Eng. Mater. 155–156, 81–122 (1998)
I.W. Chen, Structural origin of relaxor ferroelectrics-revisited. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 61(2), 197–208 (2000)
A.A. Bokov, Z.G. Ye, Recent progress in relaxor ferroelectrics with perovskite structure. J. Mater. Sci. 41(1), 31–52 (2006)
X. Long, Z.G. Ye, Relaxor behavior in the solid solution between dielectric Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 and ferroelectric PbTiO3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(11), 112905 (2007)
Acknowledgements
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Nos. 51602066, 51862003) and High-Level Innovative Talents Plan of Guizhou Province [No. (2015) 4009].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xue, A., Zeng, F., Wang, Y. et al. A comparative study of microstructure and electrical properties of lead-free (1 − x)(Ba0.85Ca0.15) (Zr0.09Ti0.91)O3–xTa + Li2CO3 ceramics compounded by microwave and conventional sintering techniques. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31, 8291–8296 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03364-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03364-0