Abstract
The photosynthetic characteristics of a Pyropia haitanensis red mutant mutated from a wild-type strain using chemical mutagens were studied. The aim was to compare the differences in photosynthetic characteristics between the red mutant and the wild type, and then to analyse the possibility of the red mutant as breeding material. The results indicated that the cytoplasm thickness of the red mutant and the wild type were similar, whereas the cell wall of the red mutant was significantly thinner than that of the wild type. Additionally, the chlorophyll a extract absorption spectra of both strains exhibited no obvious difference, whereas the absorption peaks at 498, 545, and 565 nm (which belong to phycoerythrin, PE) in the phycobiliprotein extract absorption spectra of the red mutant were clearly higher than those of the wild type. The PE content per area of the red mutant thallus was significantly higher than that of the wild type, and the ratios of PE to phycocyanin (PC) and PE to chlorophyll a were significantly higher in the red mutant than in the wild type. The net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates of the red mutant and wild type cultured under different light intensities demonstrated that the oxygen evolution rates of all samples decreased with increasing light intensities, whereas the oxygen evolution rate of the red mutant was higher than that of the wild type under the same light intensities. The light response curves also indicated that the light-saturated photosynthetic rates (P max), light saturation points (LSPs), and light compensation points (LCPs) of both strains decreased to different degrees with increasing light intensities and that the P max and LSP values of the red mutant were significantly higher than those of the wild type under identical light intensities. In contrast, there were no obvious differences in the respiration rate (R d) and in the LCP. The F v/F m values of both strains were similar before light treatment, whereas the F v/F m of the red mutants after culture under different light intensities (120 and 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1) for 3 days were significantly higher than those values of the wild type. Moreover, ∆F/F m′ also exhibited a similar variation. Based on these results, the high content of PE in the P. haitanensis red mutant causes a steady red phenotype, and the increase in the PE concentration and the decrease in the thickness of the thallus may enhance its photosynthetic physiological activity. Thus, the red mutant of P. haitanensis may provide good material for Pyropia breeding.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker NR, Rosenquist E (2004) Application of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities. J Exp Bot 55:1607–1621
Bennet A, Bogorad L (1973) Complementary chromatic adaptation in a filamentous blue-green alga. J Cell Biol 58:419–435
Blouin NA, Brodie JA, Grossman AC, Xu P, Brawley SH (2011) Porphyra: a marine crop shaped by stress. Trends Plant Sci 16:29–37
Bureau of Fisheries, State Department of Agriculture (2001–2008) China Fisheries Yearbook, China Agriculture Press
Cosgrove J, Borowitzka MA (2010) Chlorophyll fluorescence terminology: an introduction. In: Suggett DJ, Prásil O, Borowitzka MA (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence in aquatic sciences: methods and applications. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–17
Enríquez S, Borowitzka MA (2011) The use of the fluorescence signal in studies of seagrasses and macroalgae. In: Sugget DJ, Prášil O (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence in aquatic sciences: methods and applications. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 187–208
Gong HM, Tang YL, Wang J, Lu CM (2008) Characterization of photosystem II in salt-stressed cyanobacterial Spirulina platensis cell. Biochim Biophys Acta 1777:488–495
Guiry MD, Guiry GM (2015) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication. National University of Ireland. http://www.algaebase.org. Accessed 1 Feb 2015
Herbert SK (1990) Photoinhibition resistance in the red alga Porphyra perforata. The role of photoinhibition repair. Plant Physiol 92:514–519
Jassby AD, Platt T (1976) Mathematical formulation of the relationship between photosynthesis and light for phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 21:540–547
Katz S, Kizner Z, Dubinsky Z, Friedlander M (2000) Responses of Porphyra linearis (Rhodophyta) to environmental factors under controlled culture conditions. J Appl Phycol 12:535–542
Mitman GG, van der Meer JP (1994) Meiosis, blade development, and sex determination in Porphyra purpurea (Rhodophyta). J Phycol 30:147–159
Niwa K (2010) Genetic analysis of artificial green and red mutants of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda. Aquaculture 308:6–12
Niwa K, Mizuta A, Aruga Y (2002) Genetic characterization of a spontaneous green-type pigmentation mutant of Porphyra yezoensis and the significance of using heterozygous conchocelis in nori farming. Fish Sci 68:729–735
Niwa K, Furuita H, Aruga Y (2003) Free amino acid contents of the gametophytic blades from the green mutant conchocelis and the heterozygous conchocelis in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). J Appl Phycol 15:407–413
Niwa K, Furuita H, Yamamoto T, Kobiyama A (2008) Identification and characterization of a green-type mutant of Porphyra tenera Kjellman var. tamatsuensis Miura (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Aquaculture 274:126–131
Niwa K, Hayashi Y, Abe T, Aruga Y (2009) Induction and isolation of pigmentation mutants of Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) by heavy-ion beam irradiation. Phycol Res 57:194–202
Niwa K, Yamamoto T, Furuita H, Abe T (2011) Mutation breeding in the marine crop Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): cultivation experiment of the artificial red mutant isolated by heavy-ion beam mutagenesis. Aquaculture 314:182–187
Schreiber U, Bilger W, Neubauer C (1995) Chlorophyll fluorescence as a nonintrusive indicator for rapid assessment of in vivo photosynthesis. In: Schulze E-D, Caldwell MM (eds) Ecophysiology of photosynthesis. Springer, Berlin, pp 49–70
Wellburn AR (1994) The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. J Plant Physiol 144:307–313
Yan XH, Aruga Y (2000) Genetic analysis of artificial pigmentation mutants in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Phycol Res 48:177–187
Yan XH, Fujita Y, Aruga Y (2000) Induction and characterization of pigmentation mutants in Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). J Appl Phycol 12:69–81
Yan XH, Liang ZQ, Song WL, Huang J, Ma P, Aruga Y (2005) Induction and isolation of artificial pigmentation mutants in Porphyra haitanensis Chang et Zheng (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). J Fish China 29:166–172 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yokono M, Murakami A, Akimoto S (2011) Excitation energy transfer between photosystem II and photosystem I in red algae: larger amounts of phycobilisome enhance spillover. Biochim Biophys Acta 1807:847–853
Yoshida T, Notoya M, Kikuchi N, Miyata M (1997) Catalogue of species of Porphyra in the world, with special reference to the type locality and bibliography. Nat Hist Res Spec Issue 3:5–18
Zhang T, Shen ZG, Xu P, Zhu JY, Lu QQ, Shen Y, Wang Y, Yao CY, Li JF, Wang YX, Jiang HX (2012) Analysis of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of different strains of Porphyra yezoensis. J Appl Phycol 24:881–889
Zhang T, Li JF, Lu QQ, Shen ZG, Zhu JY (2014) Study of photosynthetic characteristics of Pyropia yezoensis thallus during the cultivation process. J Appl Phycol 26:859–865
Zhu JY, Lu QQ, Xu P (1998) Preliminary study on mutation breeding of Porphyra. J Hohai Univ Nat Sci 26:169–173 (in Chinese)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by (1) the National Natural Science Foundation (41206156), (2) a project from the State Oceanic Administration (201105023), (3) the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period (2011BAD13B0902), and (4) the state “863” projects (2012AA10A406-6).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, T., Li, J., Ma, F. et al. Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of a Pyropia haitanensis red mutant cultured under different light intensities. J Appl Phycol 28, 1245–1253 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0611-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0611-8