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Correspondence between Heart Rate Variability and Emotion Dysregulation in Children, Including Children with ADHD

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Abstract

Youth and adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience academic and social impairment and engage in risky behaviors. Emotion dysregulation (ED) is associated with ADHD and may contribute to these impairments and behaviors. Although many measures of ED exist, little is known about the physiological bases of ED, in the context of ADHD. In a large sample of children (M age = 9.01 years; 62% male) with (n = 48) and without (n = 56) ADHD, we examined (1) the correspondence between parent-reported ED and heart rate variability (HRV) – a psychophysiological marker of parasympathetic engagement and (2) whether parent-reported ED is predicted by HRV above and beyond ADHD. For both aims, we tested both dichotomous and continuous indices of parent-reported ED. Results indicated (1) a dichotomous index of parent-reported emotion regulation was associated with HRV and (2) this index was predicted by HRV above and beyond ADHD. Together, findings indicate that the correspondence between ED and HRV depends on the specific manifestation of ED that is considered (emotion regulation vs. lability/negativity) and the way in which ED is conceptualized (dichotomous vs. continuous).

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the US Department of Education (R324A120003 to KF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA

    Nora Bunford, Steven W. Evans, Peggy M. Zoccola, Julie Sarno Owens & Craig F. Spiel

  2. Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary

    Nora Bunford

  3. University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Kate Flory

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  1. Nora Bunford
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Bunford, N., Evans, S.W., Zoccola, P.M. et al. Correspondence between Heart Rate Variability and Emotion Dysregulation in Children, Including Children with ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45, 1325–1337 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0257-2

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