Abstract
Multimedia refers to content that uses a combination of different content forms. It includes two main medias: image and audio. However, by contrast with the rapid development of quantum image processing, quantum audio almost never been studied. In order to change this status, a quantum representation of digital audio (QRDA) is proposed in this paper to present quantum audio. QRDA uses two entangled qubit sequences to store the audio amplitude and time information. The two qubit sequences are both in basis state: |0〉 and |1〉. The QRDA audio preparation from initial state |0〉 is given to store an audio in quantum computers. Then some exemplary quantum audio processing operations are performed to indicate QRDA’s usability.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Feynman, R.: Simulating physics with computers. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21, 467–488 (1982)
Shor, P.W.: Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In: Proceeding of 35th Annual Symposium Foundations of Computer Science, pp 124–134. IEEE Computer Soc. Press, Los Almitos (1994)
Grover, L.: A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, pp. 212–219 (1996)
Venegas-Andraca, S.E., Bose, S.: Storing, processing and retrieving an image using quan- tum mechanics. In: Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Quantum Information and Computation, pp. 137–147 (2003)
Latorre, J.I.: Image compression and entanglement. arXiv:quantph/0510031 (2005)
Venegas-Andraca, S.E., Ball, J.L.: Processing images in entangled quantum systems. Quantum Inf. Process. 9(1), 1–11 (2010)
Le, P.Q., Dong, F.Y., Hirota, K.: A flexible representation of quantum images for polynomial preparation, image compression and processing operations. Quantum Inf. Process. 10(1), 63–84 (2011)
Sun, B., Iliyasu, A.M., Yan, F., Dong, F.Y., Hirota, K.: An RGB multi-channel representation for images on quantum computers. J. Adv. Comput. Intell. Intell. Inform. 17(3), 404–417 (2013)
Zhang, Y., Lu, K., Gao, Y.H., Wang, M.: NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(12), 2833–2860 (2013)
Zhang, Y., Lu, K., Gao, Y.H., Xu, K.: A novel quantum representation for log-polar images. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(9), 3103–3126 (2013)
Li, H.S., Zhu, Q., Song, L., et al.: Image storage, retrieval, compression and segmentation in a quantum system. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(9), 2269–2290 (2013)
Li, H.S., Zhu, Q.X., Zhou, R.G., Lan, S., Yang, X.J.: Multi-dimensional color image storage and retrieval for a normal arbitrary quantum superposition state. Quantum Inf. Process. 13(4), 991–1011 (2014)
Jiang, N., Mu, Y., Wang, J.: Quantum image scaling up based on nearest neighbor interpolation with integer scaling ratio. Quantum Inf. Process., under review (2014)
Le, P.Q., Iliyasu, A.M., Dong, F.Y., Hirota, K.: Fast geometric transformation on quantum images. IAENG Int. J. Appl. Math. 40(3), 113–123 (2010)
Wang, J., Jiang, N., Wang, L.: Quantum image translation. Quantum Inf. Process., published online (2014)
Jiang, N., Wang, L.: Quantum image scaling using nearest neighbor interpolation. Quantum Inf. Process., published online (2014)
Jiang, N., Wu, W.Y., Wang, L.: The quantum realization of Arnold and Fibonacci image scrambling. Quantum Inf. Process. 13(5), 1223–1236 (2014)
Jiang, N., Wang, L.: Analysis and improvement of the quantum Arnold image scrambling. Quantum Inf. Process. 13(7), 1545–1551 (2014)
Jiang, N., Wang, L., Wu, W.Y.: Quantum Hilbert image scrambling. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53(7), 2463–2484 (2014)
Zhang, Y., Lu, K., Xu, K., Gao, Y.H., Wilson, R.: Local feature point extraction for quantum images. Quantum Inf. Process., published online (2014)
Iliyasu, A.M., Le, P.Q., Dong, F., Hirota, K.: Watermarking and authentication of quantum images based on restricted geometric transformations. Inf. Sci. 186, 126–149 (2012)
Zhang, W.W., Gao, F., Liu, B., et al.: A watermark strategy for quantum images based on quantum Fourier transform. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(4), 793–803 (2013)
Zhang, W.W., Gao, F., Liu, B., et al.: A quantum watermark protocol. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52, 504–513 (2013)
Yang, Y.G., Jia, X., Xu, P., Tian, J.: Analysis and improvement of the watermark strategy for quantum images based on quantum Fourier transform. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(8), 2765–2769 (2013)
Song, X.H., Wang, S., Liu, S., Ahmed, A., Abd El-Latif, Niu, X.M.: A dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images using quantum wavelet transform. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(12), 3689–3706 (2013)
Song, X.H., Wang, S., Liu, S., Ahmed, A., Abd El-Latif, Niu, X.M.: Dynamic watermarking scheme for quantum images based on Hadamard transform. Multimedia Syst., published online (2014)
Jiang, N., Wang, L.: A quantum image information hiding algorithm based on Moiré pattern. Int. J. Theor. Phys., published online (2014)
Wang, S., Song, X.H., Niu, X.M.: A novel encryption algorithm for quantum images based on quantum wavelet transform and diffusion. Intell. Data Anal. Appl. II (298), 243–250 (2014)
Hua, T., Chen, J., Pei, D., et al.: Quantum image encryption algorithm based on image correlation decomposition, Int. J. Theor. Phys., published online (2014)
Zhou, R.-G., Wu, Q., Zhang, M.-Q., et al.: A quantum image encryption algorithm based on quantum image geometric transformations. Pattern Recogn. 321, 480–487 (2012)
Zhou, R.-G., Wu, Q., Zhang, M.-Q.: Quantum image encryption and decryption algorithms based on quantum image geometric transformations. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52, 1802–1817 (2013)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music) (2014)
Vedral, V., Barenco, A., Ekert, A.: Quantum networks for elementary arithmetic operations. Phys. Rev. A 54(1), 147–153 (1996)
Chapin Cutler, C.: Differential quantization of communication signals. U.S. patent 2605361 (filed 1950, issued 1952)
Nielson, M.A., Chuang, I.L.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities No. 2015JBM027, and the State Scholarship Fund under Grants No. 201507095087.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, J. QRDA: Quantum Representation of Digital Audio. Int J Theor Phys 55, 1622–1641 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-015-2800-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-015-2800-2