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Genetic diversity analysis of sorghum genotypes for sustainable genetic resource conservation and its implication for breeding program in ethiopia

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Abstract

Ethiopia is considered to be the center of origin and diversity for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Knowledge of the genetic structure of the crop is important for its improvement and proper conservation. Therefore, the present study targeted to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of 92 Ethiopian sorghum genotypes representing five populations using 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The study resulted in a total of 77 alleles across the entire loci and populations. All the used microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic with PIC ranging from 0.66 to 0.82 with overall mean of 0.76. The analysis confirmed the presence of high within-population diversity with Nei’s gene diversity ranging from 0.71 to 0.84 with overall mean of 0.79. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) confirmed high genetic differentiation (FST = 0.29) where 90% of the total genetic variation resides within populations, leaving only 10% among populations. The PCoA, clustering, and population structure did not cluster the studied populations into sharply genetically distinct clusters according to their geographical areas of sampling due to the presence of considerable gene flow (Nm = 2.13). Overall, the used microsatellite loci were highly informative and hence, a useful genetic tool to investigate the genetic structure of sorghum. Among the five studied, populations from North Gondar (Het = 0.75) and South Tigray region (Het = 0.74) showed the highest genetic diversity, and hence these areas could be considered as hot spots for identification of supper-performing genotypes to be used in sorghum breeding program, and also for designing appropriate germplasm conservation strategies.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed as part of this study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

AMOVA:

Analysis of molecular variance

FIS:

Inbreeding coefficient

FIT:

Overall inbreeding coefficient

FST:

Fixation index

GD:

Gene diversity

He:

Heterozygosity

I:

Shannon’s index

MAF:

Major allele frequency

Na:

Number of allele

NABRC:

National agricultural biotechnology research center

Ne:

Number of effective alleles

Nm:

Gene flow

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PCoA:

Principal cordinate analysis

PIC:

Polymorphic information content

SSR:

Simple sequence repeats

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Institute of Biotechnology of Addis Ababa University and the National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) for the complete financial support and for providing laboratory facilities to carry out this research.

Funding

This study was funded by the integrated research grants of EIAR-NABRC (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research-National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center) and Addis Ababa University of the Ethiopian Minister of Science and Higher Education.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Abebaw Misganaw, Tileye Feyissa & Tilahun Mekonnen

  2. National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Abebaw Misganaw, Obssi Desalegne & Tesfaye Disasa

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  1. Abebaw Misganaw
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  2. Tileye Feyissa
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  3. Tilahun Mekonnen
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  4. Obssi Desalegne
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Contributions

AM has contributed to the study material collection and generation of row data under laboratory conditions. All authors have equally participated in the design of the study, data analysis, and interpretation, drafting of the manuscript, and revising and commenting on the manuscript critically for final submission.

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Correspondence to Abebaw Misganaw or Tilahun Mekonnen.

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Misganaw, A., Feyissa, T., Mekonnen, T. et al. Genetic diversity analysis of sorghum genotypes for sustainable genetic resource conservation and its implication for breeding program in ethiopia. Genet Resour Crop Evol 70, 1831–1852 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01539-2

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