Abstract
Compared to grain sorghums, sweet sorghums typically have lower grain yield and thick, tall stalks which accumulate high levels of sugar (sucrose, fructose and glucose). Unlike commercial grain sorghum (S. bicolor ssp. bicolor) cultivars, which are usually F1 hybrids, commercial sweet sorghums were selected as wild accessions or have undergone limited plant breeding. Although all sweet sorghums are classified within S. bicolor ssp. bicolor, their genetic relationship with grain sorghums is yet to be investigated. Ninety-five genotypes, including 31 sweet sorghums and 64 grain sorghums, representing all five races within the subspecies bicolor, were screened with 277 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Cluster analysis separated older sweet sorghum accessions (collected in mid 1800s) from those developed and released during the early to mid 1900s. These groups were emphasised in a principle component analysis of the results such that sweet sorghum lines were largely distinguished from the others, particularly by a group of markers located on sorghum chromosomes SBI-08 and SBI-10. Other studies have shown that QTL and ESTs for sugar-related traits, as well as for height and anthesis, map to SBI-10. Although the clusters obtained did not group clearly on the basis of racial classification, the sweet sorghum lines often cluster with grain sorghums of similar racial origin thus suggesting that sweet sorghum is of polyphyletic origin within S. bicolor ssp. bicolor
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agrama H, Tuinstra M (2003) Phylogenetic diversity and relationships among sorghum accessions using SSRs and RAPDs. Afr J Biotechnol 2:334–340
Ahnert D, Lee M, Austin D, Livini C, Woodman W, Openshaw S, Smith J, Porter K, Dalon G (1996) Genetic diversity among elite sorghum inbred lines assessed with DNA markers and pedigree information. Crop Sci 36:1385–1392
Anas, Yoshida T (2004) Genetic diversity among Japanese cultivated sorghum assessed with simple sequence repeats markers. Plant Prod Sci 7:217–223
Ayana A, Bryngelsson T, Bekele E (2000) Genetic variation of Ethiopian and Eritrean sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) germplasm assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Genet Resour Crop Evol 47:471–482
Brummitt R (2002) Report of the committee for spermatophyta. Taxon 51:795–799
Casa A, Mitchell S, Hamblin M, Sun H, Bowers J, Paterson A, Aquadro C, Kresovich S (2005) Diversity and selection in sorghum: simultaneous analyses using simple sequence repeats. Theor Appl Genet 111:23–30
Cui Y, Xu G, Magill C, Schertz K, Hart G (1995) RFLP-based assay of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genetic diversity. Theor Appl Genet 90:787–796
Dahlberg J, Zhang X, Hart G, Mullet J (2002) Comparative assessment of variation among Sorghum germplasm accessions using seed morphology and RAPD measurements. Crop Sci 42:291–296
Davidse G, Turland N (2001) Proposal to reject the name Holcus saccharatus. Taxon 50:577–580
Deu M, Gonzalez-de-Leon D, Glaszmann J, Degremont I, Chantereau J, Lanaud C, Hamon P (1994) RFLP diversity in cultivated sorghum in relation to racial differentiation. Theor Appl Genet 88:838–844
Doggett H (1988) Sorghum. Longman Scientific and Technical, London
Duncan R, Bockholt A, Miller F (1981) Descriptive comparison of senescent and nonsenescent sorghum genotypes. Agron J 73:849–853
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies–an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
Felsenstein J (1989) PHYLIP–Phylogeny Inference Package (Version 3.2). Cladistics 5:164–166
Ferraris R (1981) Early assessment of sweet sorghum as an agro-industrial crop: varietal evaluation. Aust J Exp Agric Anim Husb 21:75–82
Folkertsma R, Frederick H, Rattunde W, Chandra S, Raju G, Hash C (2005) The pattern of genetic diversity of Guinea-race Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench landraces as revealed with SSR markers. Theor Appl Genet 111:399–409
Hancock J (2004) Plant evolution and the origin of crop species. CABI Publishing, Cambridge
Harlan J, de Wet J (1972) A simplified classification of cultivated sorghum. Crop Sci 12:172–176
Hart G, Schertz K, Peng Y, Syed N (2001) Genetic mapping of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench QTLs that control variation in tillering and other morphological characters. Theor Appl Genet 103:1232–1242
Hitchcock A (1950) Manual of the grasses of the United States. United States Government Printing Office, Washington
Hoisington D (1992) Laboratory Protocols: CIMMYT Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory. CIMMYT, Mexico
Hunter E, Anderson I (1997) Sweet Sorghum. In: Janick J (ed) Horticultural Reviews, vol 21. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 73–104
Kim J-S, Klein P, Klein R, Price H, Mullet J, Stelly D (2004) Chromosome identification and nomenclature of Sorghum bicolor. Genetics 169:1169–1173
Kimber C (2000) Origins of domesticated sorghum and its early diffusion to India and China, In: Smith C, Frederiksen R (eds) Sorghum: Origin, History, Technology, and Production. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Klein R, Klein P, Chhabra A, Dong J, Pammi S, Childs K, Mullet J, Rooney W, Schertz K (2001) Molecular mapping of the rf1 gene for pollen fertility restoration in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Theor Appl Genet 102:1206–1212
Kosman E, Leonard K (2005) Similarity coefficients for molecular markers in studies of genetic relationships between individuals for haploid, diploid, and polyploid species. Mol Ecol 14:415–424
Mask P, Morris W (2005) Sweet sorghum culture and syrup production. In: Alabama Cooperative Extension System Publications. http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0625/. Cited 6 November 2005
Menz M, Klein R, Unruh N, Rooney W, Klein P, Mullet J (2004) Genetic diversity of public inbreds of sorghum determined by mapped AFLP and SSR markers. Crop Sci 44:1236–1244
Natoli A, Gorni C, Chegdani F, Ajmone Marson P, Colombi C, Lorenzoni C, Marocco A (2002) Identification of QTLs associated with sweet sorghum quality. Maydica 47:311–322
R Development Core Team (2005) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
Reddy V, Rao N, Reddy B, Rao K (2002) Geographic distribution of basic and intermediate races in the world collection of sorghum germplasm. ISMN 43:15–17
Rohlf F (1997) NTSYS-PC: numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Release 2.1. Applied Biostatistics, New York
Schertz K, Stec A, Doebley J (1990) Isozyme genotypes of sorghum lines and hybrids in the United States. Texas Agr Expt Stn MP1719
Seetharama N, Rao K, Subramanian V, Murty D (1987) Screening for sweet stalk sorghums, and environmental effect on stalk sugar concentrations. In ‘Technology and applications for alternative uses of sorghum: proceedings of the national seminar’. Parbhani, India, pp 169–179
Swanson A, Laude H (1934) Varieties of sorghum in Kansas. Kansas Bulletin 266:2–50
Tao Y, Manners J, Ludlow M, Henzell R (1993) DNA polymorphisms in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Theor Appl Genet 86:679–688
Tao Y, Henzell R, Jordan D, Butler D, Kelly A, McIntyre C (2000) Identification of genomic regions associated with stay green in sorghum by testing RILs in multiple environments. Theor Appl Genet 100:1225–1232
Uptmoor R, Wenzel W, Friedt W, Donaldson G, Ayisi K, Ordon F (2003) Comparative analysis on the genetic relatedness of Sorghum bicolor accessions from Southern Africa by RAPDs, AFLPs and SSRs. Theor Appl Genet 106:1316–1325
US Department of Agriculture (2005) Germplasm resources information network. In: US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. http://www.ars-grin.gov/. Cited 19 August 2005
Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, Van Der Lee T, Hornes M (1995) AFLP: a new concept for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res 23:4407–4414
Yun-long B, Seiji Y, Maiko I, Hong-wei C (2006) QTLs for sugar content of stalk in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Ag Sci in China 5:736–744
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Sugar Research and Development Corporation (SRDC) via a scholarship to the first author
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ritter, K.B., McIntyre, C.L., Godwin, I.D. et al. An assessment of the genetic relationship between sweet and grain sorghums, within Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor (L.) Moench, using AFLP markers. Euphytica 157, 161–176 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9408-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-007-9408-4