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Effects of pre-treatment with waterborne selenium on redox homeostasis and humoral innate immune parameters in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), experimentally challenged with Serratia marcescens

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Abstract

Bacterial infections have been associated with immune dysfunction and oxidative stress in cultured fish species while essential elements could boost immunity and exhibit antioxidant properties in fish. This study was therefore aimed at determining the effects of pre-treatment with waterborne selenium on humoral immunity and redox status of Clarias gariepinus experimentally challenged with Serratia marcescens. Juveniles C. gariepinus were pre-treated with 50 µg/L selenium for 14 days after which they were challenged with 5 × 103 CFU/mL of S. marcescens via oral gavage for 24 or 48 h. The control fish were not pre-treated with selenium and not challenged with bacteria. Thereafter, fish were sacrificed, blood collected into EDTA bottles for the determination of plasma nitric oxide levels and respiratory burst, and the liver excised for the determination of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Fish that were pre-treated with selenium prior to bacterial challenge (Sel + Bact) had decreased levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation but a significant increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (at 48-h post-infection period only) compared to the fish challenged with bacteria without prior selenium pre-treatment (Bact). The respiratory burst and catalase activity decreased significantly in the Sel + Bact group especially at 48-h post-infection period while the activity of glutathione peroxidase increased significantly in the Sel + Bact group (at 24-h post-infection period only) compared to the Bact group. The results from this study showed that infection with S. marcescens is capable of disrupting the immune system and redox homeostasis in C. gariepinus, while pre-treatment with selenium has the ability to improve the physiological status of fish that were challenged with bacteria probably through its antioxidant properties.

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The pre-treatment of Clarias gariepinus to waterborne selenium for 14 days improved the redox homeostasis and innate immunity of fish that were experimentally challenged with the bacterium, Serratia marcescens.

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All data sets, on which the conclusions of the manuscript rely on, are present in the “Results” section in the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Samuel Dorcas, Okhamafe Benedicta, and Kolawole Oluwaseun for the help with fish handling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria

    Joseph A. Adeyemi, Germaine A. Ogunwole & Chris O. Adedire

  2. Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

    Olufemi S. Bamidele

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  1. Joseph A. Adeyemi
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  2. Germaine A. Ogunwole
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  3. Olufemi S. Bamidele
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  4. Chris O. Adedire
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Contributions

JAA and COA were involved in the design of the experiment. JAA, GAO, and OSB were involved in data acquisition and analyses. JAA, GAO, and OSB were involved in writing the draft of the manuscript. JAA and COA were involved in writing the final draft of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Joseph A. Adeyemi.

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The experimental procedures were in conformity with national and international standards on the use of laboratory animals. Also, the study was approved by institutional committee on the care and use of animal for experiments.

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Adeyemi, J.A., Ogunwole, G.A., Bamidele, O.S. et al. Effects of pre-treatment with waterborne selenium on redox homeostasis and humoral innate immune parameters in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), experimentally challenged with Serratia marcescens. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 409–418 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01059-3

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