Abstract
Stress is an energy-demanding process, as well as the responses of the innate immune system, that impose a metabolic overload on cellular energy production, which can affect the cellular redox balance, causing oxidative damage. We evaluated the role of stress in the modulation of innate immune and oxidative/antioxidant mechanisms in juvenile pacu exposed to acute and chronic stressors. The experimental period lasted 30 days, and fish (113.7 ± 35.1 g) were fed commercial feed. During this period, half of the fish were not manipulated (Condition A), and the other half were chased with a dip net for 5 min twice a day (Condition C). After the 30-day period, fish from both groups were sampled (baseline sampling), and the remainders (not sampled) were air exposed for 3 min (acute stressor), returned to the tanks, and were sampled again 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h after air exposure. We evaluated biomarkers of stress (circulating cortisol and glucose), the innate immune system (respiratory burst activity/RBA, hemolytic activity of the complement system (HA-AP) and serum concentration of lysozyme), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation/LPO), and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px). Our results showed that stress, acutely or chronically, caused a transient reduction of RAL and activated the HA-AP. Acutely, stress increased the lysozyme concentration. Furthermore, both conditions caused oxidative stress in the liver, and differently they modulated the antioxidant system, enhancing SOD activity and impairing CAT and GSH-Px activity.
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All relevant data are within the paper, and those are available at the corresponding author.
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This research was granted by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Grant number 130587/2015-0).
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The experimental trials were conducted by C.F.P.F. and T.P.M. and supervised by E.C.U. Assays and data analysis were performed by C.F.P.F. with the help from E.C.U. and C.B.R.M. M.M.M.M and L.S.T. helped in the statistical analysis. The manuscript was written or revised by all authors.
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de Fátima Pereira de Faria, C., dos Reis Martinez, C.B., Takahashi, L.S. et al. Modulation of the innate immune response, antioxidant system and oxidative stress during acute and chronic stress in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 895–905 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00940-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00940-x