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Alteration of antioxidant enzymes and impairment of DNA in the SiO2 nanoparticles exposed zebra fish (Danio rerio)

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Abstract

The incorporation of nanoparticles in industrial and biomedical applications has increased significantly in recent years, yet their hazardous and toxic effects have not been studied extensively. While standard toxicological test methods are generally capable of detecting the toxic effects, the choice of relevant methods for nanomaterials is still discussed. Among the various oxide nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles are widely used in biological applications that include nano-medicine. But studies on adverse effects of silica nanoparticle exposure to fish remain unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the oxidative toxic effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles using fish model. The size of the SiO2 nanoparticles was between 68 and 100 nm which was confirmed by X-ray diffractometer, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The zebra fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (5 and 2.5 mg/L) of characterized SiO2 nanoparticles for a period of 7 days. After 7 days, SiO2 nanoparticle-treated fishes were sacrificed, and tissues such as liver, muscle and gill were dissected out for the analysis of antioxidant enzymes and DNA fragmentation. The DNA profiles were analysed in the tissues of zebra fish that treated with SiO2 nanoparticles. Tissues of fish from clean water were used as control, and DNA profiles were analysed. It is found that DNA from control tissues was intact, whereas the tissues treated with SiO2 were all fragmented. SiO2 nanoparticle-mediated antioxidant enzymes activities, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH)-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and GSH, in the tissues of zebra fish were measured. The results revealed that alteration of antioxidant enzymes due to SiO2 nanoparticle can be considered as a biomarker to SiO2-mediated oxidative stress in biological samples.

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Acknowledgments

Mr. R. Ramesh greatly acknowledges the University Grant commission (UGC), New Delhi for providing “UGC Research Fellowship in Sciences for Meritorious Students” (RFSMS) and the DST-FIST, UGC-SAP, UGC and MoE&F for the instrumentation facilities.

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  1. Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India

    R. Ramesh, P. Kavitha, N. Kanipandian, R. Thirumurugan & P. Subramanian

  2. Examinations Section, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Arun

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  1. R. Ramesh
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Correspondence to P. Subramanian.

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Ramesh, R., Kavitha, P., Kanipandian, N. et al. Alteration of antioxidant enzymes and impairment of DNA in the SiO2 nanoparticles exposed zebra fish (Danio rerio). Environ Monit Assess 185, 5873–5881 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2991-4

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