Abstract
An in vitro propagation system was developed for castor-bean (Ricinus communis L. cv. TMV 6) through cotyledon derived callus cultures. The impact of different concentrations of auxins, cytokinins, additives, amino acids and sugars were evaluated for callus induction and shoot proliferation. Green compact nodular organogenic callus was obtained on the medium fortified with Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, B5 vitamins, 2.0 mg dm−3 6-benzyladenine and 0.8 mg dm−3 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Multiple shoot proliferation from the callus cultures was achieved on the medium with MS salts, B5 vitamins, 2.5 mg dm−3 thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.4 mg dm−3 NAA and 15 mg dm−3 glutamine. During multiple shoot induction the phenolic secretion was controlled by the addition of 15 mg dm−3 polyvinylpyrolidone. The proliferated shoots were elongated on the medium comprising MS salts, B5 vitamins, 1.5 mg dm−3 TDZ and 0.3 mg dm−3 gibberellic acid. The elongated shoots were rooted on the medium containing MS salts, B5 vitamins, 0.3 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid and 0.6 mg dm−3 silver nitrate. After root induction, the plants were hardened in earthen pots containing sand, soil and vermiculite.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
6-benzyladenine
- B5 medium:
-
Gamborg medium
- GA3 :
-
gibberellic acid
- IAA:
-
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA:
-
indole-3-butyric acid
- 2iP:
-
6-(γ,γ,-dimethylallylamino)-purine
- Kin:
-
kinetin
- MS medium:
-
Murashige and Skoog medium
- NAA:
-
α-naphthalene acetic acid
- PGR:
-
plant growth regulator
- PVP:
-
polyvinylpyrolidone
- TDZ:
-
thidiazuron
References
Amin, M.N., Jaiswal, V.S.: Micropropagation as an aid to rapid cloning of a guava cultivar-Scientia Hort. 36: 89–95, 1988.
Bais, H.P., Sudha, G.S., Ravishankar, G.A.: Putrescine and silver nitrate influences shoot multiplication, in vitro flowering and endogenous titers of polyamines in Chicorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow Local.-Plant Growth Regul. 19: 238–248, 2000.
Biddington, N.L.: The influence of ethylene in plant tissue culture.-Plant Growth Regul. 11: 173–178, 1992.
Boltenkov, E.V., Zarembo, E.V.: In vitro regeneration and callogenesis in tissue culture of floral organs of the genus Iris (Iridaceae).-Biol. Bull. 32: 138–142, 2003.
Caboni, E., Lauri, P., Angeli, S.D.: In vitro plant regeneration from callus of shoot apices in apple shoot culture.-Plant Cell Rep. 19: 755–760, 2000.
Chang, C., Chang, W.C.: Micropropagation of Cymbidium ensifolium var. Misericors through callus-derived rhizomes.-In Vitro cell. dev. Biol. Plant. 36: 517–520, 2000.
Faisal, M., Anis, M.: Thidiazuron induced high frequency axillary shoot multiplication in Psoralea corylifolia.-Biol. Plant. 50: 437–440, 2006.
Fiola, J.A., Hassan, M.A., Swartz, H.J., Bors, R.H., Mcnicols, R.: Effects of thidiazuron, light influence rates and kanamycin on in vitro shoot organogenesis from excised Rubus cotyledons and leaves.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 20: 223–228, 1990.
Fracaro, F., Echeverrigaray, S.: Micropropagation of Cunila galioides, a popular medicinal plant of south Brazil.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 64: 1–4, 2001.
Gamborg, O.L., Miller, R.A., Ojima, K.: Nutrient requirements of suspension culture of soybean root cells.-Exp. Cell Res. 50: 151–158, 1968.
Ganesan, M., Jayabalan, N.: Carbon source dependent somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. SVPR2 through suspension cultures.-Indian J. exp. Biol. 43: 921–925, 2005.
Ganesan, M., Jayabalan, N.: Evaluation of haemoglobin (erythrogen): for improved somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. SVPR 2).-Plant Cell Rep. 23: 181–187, 2004.
Ganesan, M., Jayabalan, N.: Role and importance of chitinase gene expression in plants for fungal disease tolerance.-In: Jayabalan, N. (ed.): Plant Biotechnology. Pp. 1–28. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi 2006.
Haliloglu, K.: Efficient regeneration system from wheat leaf base segments.-Biol. Plant. 50: 326–330, 2006.
Handro, W., Floh, E.I.S.: Neo-formation of flower buds and other morphogenetic responses in tissue culture of Melia azedarach.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 64: 73–76, 2001.
Ipekci, Z., Gozukirmizi, N.: Indirect somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf and internode explants of Paulownia elongate.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 79: 341–345, 2002.
Kallak, H., Reidla, M., Hilpus, I., Virumäe, K.: Effects of genotype, explant source and growth regulators on organogenesis in carnation callus.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 51: 127–135, 1997.
Khatoon, K., Sultana, R.: Plant regeneration from Carica papaya cv. Malir grown in tissue culture.-Pakistan J. Bot. 26: 191–195, 1994.
Kim, Y.W., Youn, Y., Noh, E.R., Kim, J.C.: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature embryos of five families of Quercus acutissima.-Plant Cell Rep. 16: 869–873, 1997.
Malik, K.A., Saxena, P.K.: Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration from intact seedlings of Phaseolus acutifolius A., P. aureus (L.) Wilczek, P. coccineus L., and P. wrightii L.-Plant Cell Rep. 1: 163–168, 1992.
Manjula, S., Job, A., Nair, G.M.: Somatic embryogenesis from leaf derived callus of Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merril.-Indian J. exp. Biol. 38: 1069–1072, 2000.
Marks, T.R., Simpson, S.E.: Factors affecting shoot development in apically dominant Acer cultivars in vitro.-J. hort. Sci.. 69: 543–551, 1994.
Martin, K.P.: Rapid propagation of Holostemma ada-kodien Schult., a rare medicinal plant, through axillary bud multiplication and indirect organogenesis.-Plant Cell Rep. 21: 112–117, 2002.
Moncousin, C.: Rooting of in vitro cuttings.-In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (ed.): Biotechnology of Agriculture and Forestry. Vol. 17. Pp. 231–261. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg 1991.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F.: A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures.-Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497, 1962.
Murthy, B.N.S., Murch, S.J., Saxena, P.K.: Thidiazuron: a potent regulator of in vitro plant morphogenesis: review.-In Vitro cell. dev. Biol. Plant 34: 267–275, 1998.
Pretto, F.R., Santarem, E.R.: Callus formation and plant regeneration from Hypericum perforatum leaves.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 62: 107–113, 1997.
Quraishi, A., Mishra, S.K.: Micropropagation of nodal explants from adult trees of Cleistanthus collinus.-Plant Cell Rep. 17: 430–433, 1998.
Rani, G., Talwar, D., Nagpal, A., Virk, G.S.: Micropropagation of Coleus blumei from nodal segments and shoot tips.-Biol. Plant. 50: 496–500, 2006.
Rao, M.S., Purohit, S.D.: In vitro shoot bud differentiation and plantlet regeneration in Celastrus paniculatus Willd.-Biol. Plant. 50: 501–506, 2006.
Reddy, P.S., Rodrigues, R., Rajasekharan, R.: Shoot organogenesis and mass propagation of Coleus forskohlii from leaf derived callus.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 66: 183–188, 2002.
Ritala, A., Mannonen, L., Oksman-Caldentey, K.M.: Factors affecting the regeneration capacity of isolated barley microspores (Hordeum vulgare L.).-Plant Cell Rep. 20: 403–407, 2001.
Rugini, E., Muganu, M.: A novel strategy for the induction and maintenance of shoot regeneration from callus derived from established shoots of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Goldern Delicious.-Plant Cell Rep. 17: 581–585, 1998.
Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G.: Statistical Methods. 8th Ed.-Iowa State University, Ames 1989.
Soniya, E.V., Sujitha, M.: An efficient in vitro propagation of Aristolochia indica.-Biol. Plant. 50: 272–274, 2006.
Sreekumar, S., Seeni, S., Pushpangadan, P.: Micropropagation of Hemidesmus indicus for cultivation and production of 2-hydroxy 4-methyl benzaldehyde.-Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 62: 211–218, 2000.
Sudha, C.G., Krishnan, P.N., Pushpangadan, P.: In vitro propagation of Holostemma annulare (Roxb.) K. Schum. a rare medicinal plant.-In Vitro cell. dev. Biol. Plant 33: 57–63, 1998.
Sujatha, M., Reddy T.P.: Differential cytokinin effects on the stimulation of in vitro shoot proliferation from meristematic explants of castor (Ricinus communis L.).-Plant Cell Rep. 17: 561–566, 1998.
Sujatha, M., Sailaja, M.: Stable genetic transformation of castor (Ricinus communis L.) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer using embryo axes from mature seeds.-Plant Cell Rep. 23: 803–810, 2005.
Sul, I.W., Korban.: Effects of salt formulations, carbon sources, cytokinins, and auxin on shoot organogenesis from cotyledons of Pinus pinea L.-Plant Growth Regul. 43: 197–205, 2004.
Tang, W., Guo, Z.: In vitro propagation of loblolly pine via direct somatic organogenesis from mature cotyledons and hypocotyls.-Plant Growth Regul. 33: 25–31, 2001.
Tonon, G., Capuana, M., Di Marco, A.: Plant regeneration of Fraxinus angustifolia by in vitro shoot organogenesis.-Scientia Hort. 87: 291–301, 2001.
Vila, SK., Gonzalez, A.M., Rey, H.Y., Mroginski, L.A.: In vitro plant regeneration of Melia azedarach L.: shoot organogenesis from leaf explants.-Biol. Plant. 47: 13–19, 2003.
Wilkins, T.A., Mishra, R., Trolinder, N.L.: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of cotton.-Food Agr. Environ. l2: 179–187, 2004.
Wilkins, T.A., Rajasekaran, K., Anderson, D.M.: Cotton biotechnology.-Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 19: 511–550, 2000.
Yam, T.W., Webb, E.L., Arditti, J.: Callus formation and plantlet development from axillary buds of taro.-Planta 180: 458–460, 1990.
Yu, X., Reed, B.M.: Improved shoot multiplication of mature hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in vitro using glucose as a carbon source.-Plant Cell Rep. 12: 256–259, 1993.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ganesh Kumari, K., Ganesan, M. & Jayabalan, N. Somatic organogenesis and plant regeneration in Ricinus communis . Biol Plant 52, 17–25 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0003-x
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0003-x