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An approach to genetic resources conservation of peripheral isolated plant populations: the case of an island narrow endemic species

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Abstract

This study reinforces the argument that forest genetic resources for peripheral isolated plant populations (PIPP) need to come under rationalistic assessment, for developing and proposing conservation strategies of forest genetic resources. Cedrus brevifolia is a narrow endemic island tree occurring in a sole population. Using biparentally and paternally inherited microsatellites, the genetic contribution and genetic variation patterns within sites (subpopulations) and within plantations of this species were assessed. The C. brevifolia population recorded uneven partition of genetic diversity at the site and at local scales; mirroring the demography and genetic evolutionary factors that occurred in long-term at the intra-species level. Results from the plantations imply that screening and rejection of unsuitable seedlings before plantation establishment did not influence the genetic divergence of planted trees from the general genetic pool of natural population. Based on these outcomes, numerous conservation measures are proposed, towards maintaining the species’ genetic resources. These measures need to ensure the dynamic processes within stands. Thus, this study argues that for PIPP which recorded high genetic diversity and non-uniform distribution of genetic viability (complex genetic patterns), the several small conservation units seem to be the most rationalistic conservation units. In such case, forest genetic micro-reserves (GMR) can be enacted, where on-the-point dynamic in situ conservation activities can be adopted, while the GMR could be used for ex situ conservation purposes. In conclusion, in PIPP the maintenance of genetic diversity should be regarded as one of the main prerequisites for sustainable management and long-term survival of the species.

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Data archiving statement

The Data archiving statement Genotypes of the individuals analyzed are available from the Zenodo (general-purpose open-access repository): [10.5281/zenodo.3240552].

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Forests of Cyprus (DF) for providing the basic data for the map design and also for the valuable help in sampling. Warm gratitude is extended to Mr Konstantinos Papasavvas (Forest Officer at DF) for his help with the map layout, as well as to Dr. Andreas Christou (Chief Conservator of Forests at DF) and Mr Sotiris Soteriou (Forest Officer, 1st Grade, at DF) for providing information, based on the DF annual reports on the existing ex situ conservation for C. brevifolia. Writing of the manuscript was made possible by financial support to Nicolas-George Eliades: from the EVOLTREE Mobility Center of the European Network of Excellence (EVOLution of TREEs as drivers of terrestrial biodiversity, http://www.evoltree.org/) for visiting INRA Avignon, and from Erasmus+ “Staff training Mobility Program of Frederick University” for visiting the Forest Genetics Laboratory in Democritus University of Thrace.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Büsgen-Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August University, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

    Nicolas-George H. Eliades, Oliver Gailing, Ludger Leinemann & Reiner Finkeldey

  2. Nature Conservation Unit, Frederick University, 7 Yianni Frederickou Str., Pallouriotissa, 1036, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Nicolas-George H. Eliades

  3. Forest Genetics Laboratory, Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece

    Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou

  4. INRA, UR629, Ecology of Mediterranean Forests (URFM), Domaine St Paul Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France

    Bruno Fady

  5. Universität Kassel, Mönchebergstraße 19, 34109, Kassel, Germany

    Reiner Finkeldey

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  1. Nicolas-George H. Eliades
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  2. Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou
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  3. Bruno Fady
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  4. Oliver Gailing
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  5. Ludger Leinemann
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  6. Reiner Finkeldey
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Contributions

N-GE and RF conceived the study. N-GE completed the sampling in the field. N-GE and OG carried out the molecular analyses. N-GE, ACP and BF analyzed the data. N-GE, ACP, BF, OG, LL and RF contributed to the article written.

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Correspondence to Nicolas-George H. Eliades.

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Communicated by David Hawksworth.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 4, 5 and 6.

Table 4 Assessment of genetic differentiation within and among sampling plots (and their site of origin) of C. brevifolia at nuclear (over four microsatellite loci) and plastid (haplotype) genomes
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Table 5 Assessment of genetic differentiation using the two-sided test, specified after 10,000 permutations
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Table 6 Genetic variation parameters at four microsatellite loci (multiloci) for each plot and for each site (Table 2 in Eliades et al. 2011)
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Eliades, NG.H., Papageorgiou, A.C., Fady, B. et al. An approach to genetic resources conservation of peripheral isolated plant populations: the case of an island narrow endemic species. Biodivers Conserv 28, 3005–3035 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01812-w

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