Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

CEO career horizon and corporate bribery: a strategic relationship perspective

  • Published:
Asia Pacific Journal of Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We investigate the impact of CEO career horizon on corporate bribery. Based upon the research on time horizon of corporate investments, we argue that bribery may be implemented as an investment in strategic relationships with long-term motivations in emerging markets and, for that matter, CEOs with longer career horizons rather than shorter career horizons are more likely to make bribery investments. Using a sample of 2,914 Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2018, we find support for the argument. The finding challenges the long-held assumption that short-term oriented CEOs are prone to paying bribes. Further, we augment the research by expounding upon the way that state ownership moderates the relationship between CEO career horizon and firm bribery investment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. While the construct of CEO career horizon can be explained by the agency theory, our research does not focus on the conflict of interests between principals and agents as the theory does (Reilly et al., 2016). Rather, our discussion is solely related to different career horizons and risk aversion as well as career concerns of young and old managers. The emphasis is on relationship building that can be determined by decision makers’ attributes associated with time horizon for risk-taking mindsets.

  2. Since the most recently available indices are up to year 2016, we manually calculate the values for year 2017 and 2018 based on the values of year 2016 while considering the growth rate in the last two years. Results stay the same if we restrict the sample to the period from 2010 to 2016.

References

  • Albino-Pimentel, J., Dussauge, P., & Shaver, J. M. (2018). Firm non-market capabilities and the effect of supranational institutional safeguards on the location choice of international investments. Strategic Management Journal, 39(10), 2770–2793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antia, M., Pantzalis, C., & Park, J. C. (2010). CEO decision horizon and firm performance: An empirical investigation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 16(3), 288–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, J. R., Lin, C., Lin, P., & Song, F. M. (2009). Corruption in bank lending to firms: Cross-country micro evidence on the beneficial role of competition and information sharing. Journal of Financial Economics, 91(3), 361–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birhanu, A. G., Gambardella, A., & Valentini, G. (2016). Bribery and investment: Firm-level evidence from Africa and Latin America. Strategic Management Journal, 37(9), 1865–1877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cai, H., Fang, H., & Xu, L. C. (2011). Eat, drink, firms, government: An investigation of corruption from the entertainment and travel costs of Chinese firms. The Journal of Law and Economics, 54(1), 55–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao, X., Pan, X., Qian, M., & Tian, G. G. (2017). Political capital and CEO entrenchment: Evidence from CEO turnover in Chinese non-SOEs. Journal of Corporate Finance, 42, 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. D., Uhlenbruck, K., & Rodriguez, P. (2009). Why firms engage in corruption: A top management perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 89–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2016). Corruption in international business. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 35–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, Z., Yan, J., & van Essen, M. (2018). Heterogeneity of political connections and outward foreign direct investment. International Business Review, 27(4), 893–903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, G., Wang, X., & Yu, J. (2018). NERI index of marketization of China’s provinces. Beijing: Economic Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foss, N. J. (2010). Micro-foundations for management research: What, why, and whither? Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de La Empresa, 13(42): 11–34.

  • Heyden, M. L. M., Reimer, M., & Van Doorn, S. (2017). Innovating beyond the horizon: CEO career horizon, top management composition, and R&D intensity. Human Resource Management, 56(2), 205–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoskisson, R. E., Chirico, F., Zyung, J., Daniel, & Gambeta, E. (2016). Managerial risk taking: A multi-theoretical review and future research agenda. Journal of Management, 43(1), 137–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iriyama, A., Kishore, R., & Talukdar, D. (2016). Playing dirty or building capability? Corruption and HR training as competitive actions to threats from informal and foreign firm rivals. Strategic Management Journal, 37(10), 2152–2173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kale, J. R., Reis, E., & Venkateswaran, A. (2009). Rank-order tournaments and incentive alignment: The effect on firm performance. The Journal of Finance, 64(3), 1479–1512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kini, O., & Williams, R. (2012). Tournament incentives, firm risk, and corporate policies. Journal of Financial Economics, 103(2), 350–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krammer, S. M. S. (2019). Greasing the wheels of change: Bribery, institutions, and new product introductions in emerging markets. Journal of Management, 45(5), 1889–1926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krammer, S. M., & Jimenez, A. (2020). Do political connections matter for firm innovation? Evidence from emerging markets in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. M., Park, J. C., & Folta, T. B. (2018). CEO career horizon, corporate governance, and real options: The role of economic short-termism. Strategic Management Journal, 39(10), 2703–2725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y., Yao, F. K., & Ahlstrom, D. (2015). The social dilemma of bribery in emerging economies: A dynamic model of emotion, social value, and institutional uncertainty. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(2), 311–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J. Y., Cai, F., & Li, Z. (1998). Competition, policy burdens, and state-owned enterprise reform. The American Economic Review, 88(2), 422–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, J., Choi, S., Jiménez, A., & Bayraktar, S. (2021). Bribery in emerging economies: An integration of institutional and non-market position perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09782-w.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. (2001). Toward a cooperative view of MNC-host government relations: Building blocks and performance implications. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(3), 401–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. (2005). An organizational perspective of corruption. Management and Organization Review, 1(1), 119–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. (2007). Guanxi and business (2nd ed.). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y. (2008). The changing Chinese culture and business behavior: The perspective of intertwinement between guanxi and corruption. International Business Review, 17(2), 188–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, K. D., Cullen, J. B., Johnson, J. L., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2007). Deciding to bribe: A cross-level analysis of firm and home country influences on bribery activity. Academy of Management Journal, 50(6), 1401–1422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matta, E., & Beamish, P. W. (2008). The accentuated CEO career horizon problem: Evidence from international acquisitions. Strategic Management Journal, 29(7), 683–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mellahi, K., Frynas, J. G., Sun, P., & Siegel, D. (2016). A review of the nonmarket strategy literature: Toward a multi-theoretical integration. Journal of Management, 42(1), 143–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh, W. Y., Chang, Y. K., & Cheng, Z. (2016). When CEO career horizon problems matter for corporate social responsibility: The moderating roles of industry-level discretion and blockholder ownership. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(2), 279–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., & Luo, Y. (2000). Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro-macro link. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 486–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., Zhang, S., & Li, X. (2007). CEO duality and firm performance during China’s institutional transitions. Management and Organization Review, 3(2), 205–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, G., Souder, D., & Ranucci, R. (2016). Time horizon of investments in the resource allocation process: Review and framework for next steps. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1169–1194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinett, D. (2006). Held by the visible hand: The challenge of state-owned enterprise corporate governance for emerging markets. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaheer, N., Yi, J., Li, S., & Chen, L. (2019). State-owned enterprises as bribe payers: The role of institutional environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 159(1), 221–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, J., & Gomez, C. (2011). MNEs and corruption: The impact of national institutions and subsidiary strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 32(3), 280–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Gift giving, bribery and corruption: Ethical management of business relationships in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 20(2), 121–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2020). United against corruption for development, peace and security. https://www.un.org/zh/observances/anti-corruption-day, Accessed March 2, 2020.

  • Warren, D. E., Dunfee, T. W., & Li, N. (2004). Social exchange in China: The double-edged sword of guanxi. Journal of Business Ethics, 55(4), 353–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data (2nd ed.). Cambridge, London: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie, X., Qi, G., & Zhu, K. X. (2019). Corruption and new product innovation: Examining firms’ ethical dilemmas in transition economies. Journal of Business Ethics, 160(1), 107–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, D., Zhou, K. Z., & Du, F. (2018). Deviant versus aspirational risk taking: The effects of performance feedback on bribery expenditure and R&D intensity. Academy of Management Journal, 62(4), 1226–1251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeoh, S. B., & Hooy, C. W. (2022). CEO age and risk-taking of family business in Malaysia: The inverse S-curve relationship. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 39(1), 273–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, Y., Lee, E., & Zhang, J. (2016). Value relevance of alleged corporate bribery expenditures implied by accounting information. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 35(6), 592–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Marquis, C., & Qiao, K. (2016). Do political connections buffer firms from or bind firms to the government? A study of corporate charitable donations of Chinese firms. Organization Science, 27(5), 1307–1324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, X., & Tang, M. (2021). CEO age and entry timing within industry merger waves: Evidence from China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09796-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, J. Q., & Peng, M. W. (2010). Relational exchanges versus arm’s-length transactions during institutional transitions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(3), 355–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, K. Z., Gao, G. Y., & Zhao, H. (2016). State ownership and firm innovation in China: An integrated view of institutional and efficiency logics. Administrative Science Quarterly, 62(2), 375–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, X., Han, Y., & Wang, R. (2013). An empirical investigation on firms’ proactive and passive motivation for bribery in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(3), 461–472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate encouraging and constructive comments from the Editor and two reviewers of the journal. We also thank Sali Li (University of South Carolina) and Wei Shi (University of Miami) for their helpful comments on the earlier version of the paper. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 71902032; 72071047; 72171051), UIBE Fund for Excellent Young Scholars (Grant Number: 21YQ04), and UIBE Cultivation Fund (Grant Number: 20PY055-71902032).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhexiong Tao.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

This manuscript has not been published or presented elsewhere in part or in entirety and is not under consideration by another journal. We have read and understood your journal’s policies, and we believe that neither the manuscript nor the study violates any of these. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Competing Interests

The author(s) declare none.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fan, J., Tao, Z., Oehmichen, J. et al. CEO career horizon and corporate bribery: a strategic relationship perspective. Asia Pac J Manag (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-022-09868-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-022-09868-z

Keywords

Navigation