Abstract
We aimed to assess haemosporidian prevalence and parasitaemia in the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in relation to land use (i.e. small villages < 1000 inhabitants, agricultural areas, scrubland) and season (spring–summer vs. fall–winter), and to evaluate the correlation between parasitaemia and kestrel body mass in the southern Chihuahuan Desert, Central Mexico. The entire sample comprised 59 American Kestrels captured during 2015 and 2016, of which 35 were male and 24 female. We recorded one haemosporidian morphospecies, Haemoproteus tinnunculi, and one novel haemosporidian lineage (FALSPA01). The sample prevalence was 32.2% (95% confidence interval 20–42%, n = 19 parasitized individuals). Prevalence did not differ between seasons (Fisher’s exact test P = 0.78), but was higher in villages, intermediate in agricultural areas, and lower in moderately degraded scrubland. Kestrel body mass decreased as parasitaemia increased. Our results suggest that, among infected individuals, only kestrels in better condition are able to maintain parasitaemia at a low level.
Zusammenfassung
Hämosporidien-Infektionen bei Buntfalken in unterschiedlichen Landnutzungsgebieten im südlichen Bereich der Chihuahua Wüste, Mexiko
Wir untersuchten Prävalenz und Parasitämie von Hämosporidien in Buntfalken (Falco sparverius) in Abhängigkeit von Landnutzungstypen (i.e. kleine Siedlungen < 1000 Einwohnern, Landwirtschaftsflächen, Strauchgebiet), Jahreszeiten (Frühling-Sommer vs. Herbst-winter), und die Korrelation zwischen Parasitämie and Körpermasse der Falken im südlichen Bereich der Chihuahua Wüste in Zentralmexiko. Die Gesamtstichprobe, die zwischen 2015 und 2016 erfasst wurde, umfasste 59 Buntfalken, 35 Männchen und 24 Weibchen. Wir registrierten die Hämosporidien-Morphospezies Haemoproteus tinnunculi, und ein neue Hämosporidien Abstammungslinien (FALSPA01). Die Prävalenz betrug 32.2% (95% KI: 20–42%, n = 19 parasitierte Individuen). Sie unterschied sich nicht zwischen Jahreszeiten (Exakter Test nach Fisher P = 0.78), jedoch war sie ausgeprägter in Siedlungen, gemäßigt in Landwirtschaftsflächen und deutlich niedriger in degradiertem Strauchgebiet. Mit zunehmender Parasitämie nahm die Körpermasse der Falken ab. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass unter den infizierten Individuen nur diejenigen Vögel eine niedrige Parasitämie aufrecht erhalten könne, die eine gute Körperkondition haben.
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Acknowledgements
The Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) and the Mexican Education Ministry (SEP) supported this work through the Basic Science Grant Program (grant no. SEP-CB-2012-183377; grant no. SEP-CB-2011-01-168524). We thank A. Lugo-Elías and A. Ortíz-Martínez for their help during the fieldwork. E. Cortéz-Cedillo helped to conduct the PCRs, and V. Zarate helped with the sequencing. G. M. Trippett read the manuscript to verify the quality of the English, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable inputs that improved the overall quality of the manuscript. The sequencing of positive samples was conducted at the National Laboratory of Environmental Agricultural and Medical Biotechnology (LANBAMA). All the work reported in this study complies with current Mexican laws, and bird captures were conducted under a banding permit issued by the Mexican government (banding permit FAUT-0157).
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Tinajero, R., Chapa-Vargas, L., Ham-Dueñas, J.G. et al. Haemosporidian infection of the American Kestrel in the southern Chihuahua Desert, Mexico: relationship with land use. J Ornithol 160, 699–710 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01640-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01640-3