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Eco-friendly polyurethane foams based on castor polyol reinforced with açaí residues for building insulation

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Abstract

The search for environmental sustainability has stimulated the construction sector to look for natural materials with an ecological footprint, high strength/weight ratio, and better thermal and mechanical properties. Besides those properties, water absorption studies are necessary to reach these requirements. This research proposes to evaluate changes in the visual appearance, density, chemical structure, morphology, water absorption, porosity, and thermal and mechanical properties in castor oil-based polyurethane reinforced with açaí waste (5–20 wt%). Results exposed that the addition of fiber to the PU reduced the pore size due to the increased cross-link density of PU foams caused by incorporating additional fiber groups, reacting with isocyanate groups. Also, the fibers were hydrogen bonded to the PU molecular chains via the interaction between the O–H of the fibers and the N–H of the PU foam. The water absorption of the biocomposites increased with time and with fiber loading; however, it did not surpass pure PU. The fiber addition improved crystallinity and hydrophobicity. The compressive strength presented a decreasing trend, while, for the impact test, an increase was observed proportionally to the açaí residue content. Thus, the developed biocomposites can be a possibility for alternative eco-efficient building insulators.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by Fundação Carlos Chagas de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—FAPERJ (E-26/010.101232/2018 and E-26/010.001800/2015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Resende, RJ, 27537-000, Brazil

    Beatriz P. de Oliveira, Lorena C. S. Balieiro, Ericson J. O. Teixeira & Daniella R. Mulinari

  2. Department of Mechanic and Energy, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Resende, RJ, 27537-000, Brazil

    Lana S. Maia & Monique O. T. da Conceição

  3. Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil

    Noelle C. Zanini

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, 12602-810, Brazil

    Simone F. Medeiros

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de Oliveira, B.P., Balieiro, L.C.S., Maia, L.S. et al. Eco-friendly polyurethane foams based on castor polyol reinforced with açaí residues for building insulation. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 24, 553–568 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01341-1

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