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Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin K Affects Transcriptome and Proteome of Senegalese Sole, Improving Larval Performance and Quality

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Abstract

Nutritional factors strongly influence fish larval development and skeletogenesis, and may induce skeletal deformities. Vitamin K (VK) has been largely disregarded in aquaculture nutrition, despite its important roles in bone metabolism, in γ-carboxylation of Gla proteins, and in regulating gene expression through the pregnane X receptor (Pxr). Since the mechanisms mediating VK effects over skeletal development are poorly known, we investigated the effects of VK-supplementation on skeletal development in Senegalese sole larvae, aiming to identify molecular pathways involved. Larvae were fed live preys enriched with graded levels of phylloquinone (PK) (0, 50, and 250 mg kg−1) and survival rate, growth, VK contents, calcium content and incidence of skeletal deformities were determined, revealing an improvement of larval performance and decreasing the incidence of deformities in VK-supplemented groups. Comparative proteome analysis revealed a number of differentially expressed proteins between Control and Diet 250 associated with key biological processes including skin, muscle, and bone development. Expression analysis showed that genes encoding proteins related to the VK cycle (ggcx, vkor), VK nuclear receptor (pxr), and VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs; oc1 and grp), were differentially expressed. This study highlights the potential benefits of increasing dietary VK levels in larval diets, and brings new insights on the mechanisms mediating the positive effects observed on larval performance and skeletal development.

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Acknowledgement

NR and IF acknowledge financial support through post-doctoral grants SFRH/BDP/65578/2009 and SFRH/BDP/82049/2011 from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). This work was funded by project PDTC/MAR/105152/2008 (SPECIAL_K) from FCT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CCMAR-CIMAR L.A., Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Nadège Richard, Ignacio Fernández, Leonor Cancela, Luis E. C. Conceição & Paulo J. Gavaia

  2. Division of Seafood Research, DTU Food, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    Tune Wulff

  3. NIFES, National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway

    Kristin Hamre

  4. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Leonor Cancela

  5. SPAROS Lda, CRIA - Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Luis E. C. Conceição

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  1. Nadège Richard
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  2. Ignacio Fernández
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Richard, N., Fernández, I., Wulff, T. et al. Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin K Affects Transcriptome and Proteome of Senegalese Sole, Improving Larval Performance and Quality. Mar Biotechnol 16, 522–537 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-014-9571-2

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