Abstract
Numerous metagenomics studies, conducted in both full-scale anaerobic digesters and household biogas plants, have shed light on the composition and activity of microbial flora essential for optimizing the performance of biogas reactors, underscoring the significance of microbial community composition in biogas plant efficiency. Although the efficiency of household biogas plants in the sub-Himalayan region has been reported, there is no literature evidence on the microbial community structure of such household biogas plants in the sub-Himalayan region. The current study evaluated the physico-chemical properties and bacterial community structure from the slurry samples of household biogas plants prevalent in the sub-Himalayan region. The slurry samples were observed to be rich in nutrients; however, their carbon and nitrogen contents were higher than the recommended standard values of liquid-fermented organic manure. The species richness and diversity indices (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) of household biogas plants were quite similar to the advanced biogas reactors operating at mesophilic conditions. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing reveals microbial diversity, showing a higher abundance of Firmicutes (70.9%) and Euryarchaeota (9.52%) in advanced biogas reactors compared to household biogas plants. Microbial analysis shows a lack of beneficial microbes for anaerobic digestion, which might be the reason for inefficient biogas production in household biogas plants of the sub-Himalayan region. The lack of efficient bacterial biomass may also be attributed to the digester design, feedstock, and ambient temperatures. This study emphasized the establishment of efficient microbial consortia for enhanced degradation rates that may increase the methane yield in biogas plants.
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Data availability
The 16S rRNA gene amplicons data of slurry samples from household biogas plants have been deposited in the US National Center for Biotechnology Information and are available through BioProject PRJNA1067524.
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Acknowledgements
AK acknowledges the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Govt. of India, for the Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) award (No. 3/1/2(12)/Env/2021-NCD-II). AT acknowledges the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Govt. of India, for the Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) award (No. 3/1/2/257/2021-Nut.). RK acknowledges ), Science and Engineering Research Board Start-up Research grant no. SRG/2019/001071 and NMHS project of MoEF&CC (sanction no. NMHS2022-23/MG11/01/282). This manuscript represents CSIR-IHBT communication no. 5517.
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The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India under the DST-TDT Waste Management Technology program (project no. DST/TDT/WM/2019/43) (GAP-0257), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Fast track Commercialization and Fast Track Translational project (Fourth Tranche of E3OW; (Project no. 33/1/TMD-E3OW/IHBT/4 T/2022–2024 (MLP-0182) and 33/1/TMD-E3OW/NEERI-IHBT/4 T/2022–2024 (MLP-0183)), and CSIR-Waste to Wealth: Comprehensive Solutions Towards Circular Economy and Sustainability, Mission mode project (Project no. 4/1/WTM/2023-IMD (HCP-0054)).
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Conceptualization, performed the experiments, performed analysis, writing—original draft, figure generation: Aman Kumar; performed the experiments, performed analysis, writing—original draft: Sonia Sharma; performed data analysis: Kiran Dindhoria; performed data analysis, wrote the original draft: Aman Thakur; conceptualization, supervision, finalizing the manuscript, funding acquisition: Rakshak Kumar. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
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Kumar, A., Sharma, S., Dindhoria, K. et al. Insight into physico-chemical properties and microbial community structure of biogas slurry from household biogas plants of sub-Himalaya for its implications in improved biogas production. Int Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-024-00530-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-024-00530-w