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Responses of Vegetation and Ecosystem CO2 Exchange to 9 Years of Nutrient Addition at Mer Bleue Bog

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Abstract

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loading has the potential to affect plant community structure and function, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) sink of peatlands. Our aim is to study how vegetation changes, induced by nutrient input, affect the CO2 exchange of a nutrient-limited bog. We conducted 9- and 4-year fertilization experiments at Mer Bleue bog, where we applied N addition levels of 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 g N m−2 a−1, upon a background deposition of about 0.8 g N m−2 a−1, with or without phosphorus and potassium (PK). Only the treatments 3.2 and 6.4 g N m−2 a−1 with PK significantly affected CO2 fluxes. These treatments shifted the Sphagnum moss and dwarf shrub community to taller dwarf shrub thickets without moss, and the CO2 responses depended on the phase of vegetation transition. Overall, compared to the large observed changes in the vegetation, the changes in CO2 fluxes were small. Following Sphagnum loss after 5 years, maximum ecosystem photosynthesis (Pgmax) and net CO2 exchange (NEEmax) were lowered (−19 and −46%, respectively) in the highest NPK treatment. In the following years, while shrub height increased, the vascular foliar biomass did not fully compensate for the loss of moss biomass; yet, by year 8 there were no significant differences in Pgmax and NEEmax between the nutrient and the control treatments. At the same time, an increase (24–32%) in ecosystem respiration (ER) became evident. Trends in the N-only experiment resembled those in the older NPK experiment by the fourth year. The increasing ER with increasing vascular plant and decreasing Sphagnum moss biomass across the experimental plots suggest that high N deposition may lessen the CO2 sink of a bog.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the National Science Foundation for the award DEB 0346625 to Jill Bubier, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery for grants to Tim Moore, and the National Capital Commission for access to the Mer Bleue. We thank Peter Lafleur and Elyn Humphreys for sharing data from the eddy covariance tower and we thank Leszek Bledzki, Mike Dalva and Meaghan Murphy for assistance in the field and laboratory. The valuable help of many Mount Holyoke College, McGill University and Carleton University students in collecting the field data is acknowledged. The comments of two anonymous reviewers and Gaius Shaver greatly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Studies Program, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, Massachusetts, 01075, USA

    Sari Juutinen & Jill L. Bubier

  2. Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada

    Tim R. Moore

  3. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Sari Juutinen

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  1. Sari Juutinen
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Correspondence to Sari Juutinen.

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SJ conducted the research and analyzed the data. JLB and TRM conceived the study and conducted the research, and all three wrote the paper.

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Juutinen, S., Bubier, J.L. & Moore, T.R. Responses of Vegetation and Ecosystem CO2 Exchange to 9 Years of Nutrient Addition at Mer Bleue Bog. Ecosystems 13, 874–887 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-010-9361-2

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