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Three types of noncovalent interactions studied between pyrazine and XF

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Abstract

Three types noncovalent interactions (type I, II and III) between pyrazine (C4H4N2) and XF (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) have been discovered at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. TypeI is σ-hole interaction between the positive site on the halogen X of XF and the negative site on one of the pyrazine nitrogens. Type II is counterintuitive σ-hole interaction driven by polarization between the positive site on the halogen X of XF and a portion of the pyrazine ring. Type III is an interaction between the lateral regions of the halogen X of XF and the position of the pyrazine ring. Through comparing the calculated interaction energy, we can know that the type II and type III interactions are weaker than the corresponding type I interactions, and type III interactions are weaker than the corresponding type II interactions in C4H4N2-XF complexes. SAPT analysis shows that the electrostatic energy are the major source of the attraction for the type I (σ-hole) interactions while the type III interactions are mainly dispersion energy. For the type II (counterintuitive σ-hole) interactions in C4H4N2-XF (X = F and Cl) complexes, electrostatic energy are the major source of the attraction, while in C4H4N2-XF (X = Br and I) complexes, the electrostatic term, induction and dispersion play equally important role in the total attractive interaction. NBO analysis, AIM theory, and conceptual DFT are also being utilized.

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Acknowledgements

Some of the calculations described in this study are based on Scgrid of Supercomputing Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Contract no. 21203135).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, China

    Junyong Wu, Hua Yan, Hao Chen, Yanxian Jin & Aiguo Zhong

  2. Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China

    Zhaoxu Wang

  3. School of Chemical Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China

    Guoliang Dai

Authors
  1. Junyong Wu
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  2. Hua Yan
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  3. Hao Chen
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  4. Yanxian Jin
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  5. Aiguo Zhong
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  6. Zhaoxu Wang
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  7. Guoliang Dai
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Contributions

Junyong Wu: investigation and writing—original draft. Hua Yan: formal analysis and data curation. Hao Chen: visualization. Xianyan Jin: methodology and supervision. Aiguo Zhong: writing—review and editing. Zhaoxu Wang: methodology, software, writing—review and editing. Guoliang Dai: funding acquisition, methodology, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Junyong Wu or Zhaoxu Wang.

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Wu, J., Yan, H., Chen, H. et al. Three types of noncovalent interactions studied between pyrazine and XF. J Mol Model 28, 15 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-021-05012-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-021-05012-8

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