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Statistical optimisation of growth conditions and diesel degradation by the Antarctic bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5‒07

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Abstract

Petroleum pollution is a major concern in Antarctica due to the persistent nature of its hydrocarbon components coupled with the region’s extreme environmental conditions, which means that bioremediation approaches are largely inapplicable at present. The current study assessed the ability of the psychrotolerant phenol-degrader, Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5-07, to assimilate diesel fuel as the sole carbon source. Factors expected to influence the efficiency of diesel degradation, including the initial hydrocarbon concentration, nitrogen source concentration and type, temperature, pH and salinity were studied. Strain AQ5-07 displayed optimal cell growth and biodegradation activity at 1% v/v initial diesel concentration, 1 g/L NH4Cl concentration, pH 7 and 1% NaCl during one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analyses. Strain AQ5-07 was psychrotolerant based on its optimum growth temperature being near 20 °C. In conventionally optimised media, strain AQ5-07 showed total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) mineralisation of 75.83%. However, the optimised condition for TPH mineralisation predicted through statistical response surface methodology (RSM) enhanced the reduction to 90.39% within a 2 days incubation. Our preliminary data support strain AQ5-07 being a potential candidate for real-field soil bioremediation by specifically adopting sludge-phase bioreactor system in chronically cold environments such as Antarctica. The study also confirmed the utility of RSM in medium optimisation.

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Acknowledgements

This project was financially supported by Putra‒IPM fund under the research grant attached to S.A. Ahmad (GP-Matching Grant/2016/9300430, GP-Matching Grant/2017/9300436, GPM-2018/9660000 and GPM-2019/ 9678900) disbursed by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and YPASM Smart Partnership Initiative by Sultan Mizan Antarctic Research Foundation (YPASM). P. Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Ecosystems and Adaptation’ Team. C.G. Fuentes is supported by Centro de Investigacion y Monitoreo Ambiental Antàrctico (CIMAA) Project. The authors would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Siti Aisyah Alias from University of Malaya, Malaysia and Professor Gerardo Gonzalez-Rocha from Universidad de Concepcion for the help of the first study. The authors also would like to thank Chilean Army and the Antarctic General Bernardo O'Higgins Station staff, Instituto Antártico Chileno (INACH) and National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC). We also thank the Public Service Department of Malaysia (JPA) for granting a master programme scholarship to Ahmad Fareez Ahmad Roslee.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ahmad Fareez Ahmad Roslee, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Gillian Li Yin Lee & Siti Aqlima Ahmad

  2. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    Peter Convey

  3. Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan

    Azham Zulkharnain

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Magallanes, Avda. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Regiòn de Magallanes Y Antàrtica Chilena, Chile

    Claudio Gomez-Fuentes

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  1. Ahmad Fareez Ahmad Roslee
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  2. Nur Nadhirah Zakaria
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Roslee, A.F.A., Zakaria, N.N., Convey, P. et al. Statistical optimisation of growth conditions and diesel degradation by the Antarctic bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5‒07. Extremophiles 24, 277–291 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-019-01153-0

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