Abstract
After chloroform fumigating an arable soil, the relative abundance of phylotypes belonging to only two phyla (Actinobacteria and Firmicutes) and two orders [Actinomycetales and Bacillales (mostly Bacillus)] increased in a subsequent aerobic incubation, while it decreased for a wide range of bacterial groups. It remained to be seen if similar bacterial groups were affected when an extreme alkaline saline soil was fumigated. Soil with electrolytic conductivity between 139 and 157 dS m−1, and pH 10.0 and 10.3 was fumigated and the bacterial community structure determined after 0, 1, 5 and 10 days by analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, while an unfumigated soil served as control. The relative abundance of the Firmicutes increased in the fumigated soil (52.8 %) compared to the unfumigated soil (34.2 %), while that of the Bacteroidetes decreased from 16.2 % in the unfumigated soil to 8.8 % in the fumigated soil. Fumigation increased the relative abundance of the genus Bacillus from 14.7 % in the unfumigated soil to 25.7 %. It was found that phylotypes belonging to the Firmicutes, mostly of the genus Bacillus, were dominant in colonizing the fumigated alkaline saline as found in the arable soil, while the relative abundance of a wide range of bacterial groups decreased.
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Acknowledgments
This research was funded by Cinvestav and ‘Apoyo Especial para el Fortalecimiento de Doctorado PNPC 2013’ from ‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología’ (CONACyT, Mexico). The authors thank ABACUS-CONACyT. Y. E. N.–N. received a postdoctoral grant from CONACyT and ABACUS and J. M. B.-L. from CONACyT. C. A. D.-M, A. S. D.-L, L. D.-B, S. G.-A. and V. M. R.-V received grant-aided support from CONACyT.
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Communicated by A. Oren.
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Fig. S1. Emission of CO2 (mg CO2-C kg−1 dry soil) from the unfumigated (■) and fumigated (□) alkaline saline Texcoco soil incubated aerobically at 25 ± 2 °C for 10 days. Bars are one ± STD (PDF 31 kb)
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Fig. S2. Principal coordinate analysis of UniFrac weighted distances of the bacterial communities in fumigated and unfumigated soil incubated aerobically for 10 days (PDF 163 kb)
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Bello-López, J.M., Domínguez-Mendoza, C.A., de León-Lorenzana, A.S. et al. Bacterial colonization of a fumigated alkaline saline soil. Extremophiles 18, 733–743 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-014-0653-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-014-0653-x