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Microbial diversity in Los Azufres geothermal field (Michoacán, Mexico) and isolation of representative sulfate and sulfur reducers

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Abstract

Los Azufres spa consists of a hydrothermal spring system in the Mexican Volcanic Axis. Five samples (two microbial mats, two mud pools and one cenote water), characterized by high acidity (pH between 1 and 3) and temperatures varying from 27 to 87 °C, were investigated for their microbial diversity by Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and 16S rRNA gene library analyses. These data are the first to describe microbial diversity from Los Azufres geothermal belt. The data obtained from both approaches suggested a low bacterial diversity in all five samples. Despite their proximity, the sampling points differed by their physico-chemical conditions (mainly temperature and matrix type) and thus exhibited different dominant bacterial populations: anoxygenic phototrophs related to the genus Rhodobacter in the biomats, colorless sulfur oxidizers Acidithiobacillus sp. in the warm mud and water samples, and Lyzobacter sp.-related populations in the hot mud sample (87 °C). Molecular data also allowed the detection of sulfate and sulfur reducers related to Thermodesulfobium and Desulfurella genera. Several strains affiliated to both genera were enriched or isolated from the mesophilic mud sample. A feature common to all samples was the dominance of bacteria involved in sulfur and iron biogeochemical cycles (Rhodobacter, Acidithiobacillus, Thiomonas, Desulfurella and Thermodesulfobium genera).

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Abbreviations

AM1 and AM2:

Los Azufres mud samples (AM1, 87 °C and AM2, 37 °C)

AB1 and AB2:

Los Azufres microbial mat samples (27 and 35 °C, respectively)

AW:

Los Azufres water sample (36 °C at the surface)

AZLFE3:

Isolated strain from AM2 sample, related to Desulfurella kamchatkensis

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from ECOS-NORD-SEP-CONACyT-ANUIES (M07A01), SEP-PROMEP (UGTO-NPTC-164), CNPq-CONACyT (491022/2008-5), ANR-CONACyT (C0011-FR12-01, No. 188775) and Universidad de Guanajuato-DAIP (0115/2011 and 0195/2013). We acknowledge financial support from the Aquitaine Regional Government Council (France). N. Villegas-Negrete and I.A. Sotelo-González received a fellowship from UG-DAIP, Mexico.

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  1. Ing. Ambiental (IA), Dept. Ing. Civil, Div. Ingenierías-CGT, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG), Av. Juárez, #77, Zona Centro, C.P. 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico

    Elcia M. S. Brito, Norberto Villegas-Negrete, Irene A. Sotelo-González, Hilda A. Piñón-Castillo & Germán Cuevas-Rodríguez

  2. Dept. Astronomía, Div. Ciencias Naturales y Exactas-CGT, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG), Callejón de Jalisco, S/N, Col. Valenciana, C.P. 36240, Guanajuato, Mexico

    César A. Caretta

  3. Environmental Microbiology Group, EEM-UMR IPREM 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA), Avenue de l’Université, 64012, Pau, France

    Marisol Goñi-Urriza, Claire Gassie, Florence Hakil, Yannick Colin, Robert Duran, Anne Fahy & Rémy Guyoneaud

  4. Dept. Biología, Div. Ciencias Naturales y Exactas-CGT, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG), Noria Alta, S/N, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico

    Felix Gutiérrez-Corona & Georgina E. Reyna-López

  5. Lab. Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Inst. Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av Carlos Chagas Filho, #373, Prédio do CCS-Bloco G, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-902, Brazil

    Olaf Malm & João P. M. Torres

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  1. Elcia M. S. Brito
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Correspondence to Elcia M. S. Brito.

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Brito, E.M.S., Villegas-Negrete, N., Sotelo-González, I.A. et al. Microbial diversity in Los Azufres geothermal field (Michoacán, Mexico) and isolation of representative sulfate and sulfur reducers. Extremophiles 18, 385–398 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-013-0624-7

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