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Long-term dentoskeletal side effects of mandibular advancement therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: data from the Pays de la Loire sleep cohort

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Abstract

Objectives

Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are the main therapeutic alternative to continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term dentoskeletal side effects of MADs and to identify the predictive factors for these side effects.

Materials and methods

Patients from the Pays de la Loire cohort treated with a custom-made MAD for at least 1 year were included in this retrospective study. Digital cephalometric analyses were performed at baseline and at follow-up.

Results

We included a total of 117 patients, treated with a MAD for a median [interquartile range] of 4.6 [2.6–6.6] years. The main significant side effects were a decrease in overbite (− 0.5 ± 1 mm), overjet (− 0.7 ± 1 mm) and maxillary incisor inclination (− 2.5 ± 2.8°) and an increase in mandibular incisor inclination (+ 2.2 ± 2.7°). Subjective side effects were not linked to the observed dentoskeletal changes. Current smokers were at higher risk of overjet modifications. A pre-existing anterior open-bite was associated with a greater decrease in overbite. Treatment duration was associated with a more pronounced mandibular incisor proclination. Propulsion was negatively associated with maxillary incisor retroclination.

Conclusions

Long-term dentoskeletal side effects were mainly moderate dental side effects. Some predictive factors were shown to be associated with more pronounced changes. Subjective side effects did not appear to be reliable tools to detect dentoskeletal side effects.

Clinical relevance

Regular follow-up with clinical examination and regular radiographs is mandatory. The predictive factors could be of interest for a better selection of patients and to individualize follow-up.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are greatly indebted to Carole Boudet, Mylène Gandubert, and Karine Robin for data collection. Our thanks also go to Jean-Marc Lebas for radiological acquisitions. We thank Jean-Louis Racineux from the Institut de Recherche en Santé Respiratoire des Pays de la Loire.

Funding

This study was supported by a grant from the Pays de la Loire Respiratory Health Research Institute (IRSRPL).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Angers University Hospital Center, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex, France

    Nicolas Baldini & Jean-Daniel Kün-Darbois

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Angers University, 28 rue Roger-Amsler, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France

    Frédéric Gagnadoux, Wojciech Trzepizur, Nicole Meslier & Jean-Daniel Kün-Darbois

  3. Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Angers University Hospital, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex, France

    Frédéric Gagnadoux, Wojciech Trzepizur & Nicole Meslier

  4. Research Institute of Respiratory Health, Pays de La Loire, 9 rue du Landreau, BP 77132, 49071, Beaucouze Cedex, France

    Julien Dugas & Chloé Gerves-Pinquie

  5. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Le Mans Hospital, 194 avenue Rubillard, 72037, Le Mans Cedex, France

    Frédérique Chouet-Girard

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  1. Nicolas Baldini
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Contributions

NB: design of the study, project development; data collection and management; cephalometric analysis; data analysis and interpretation; manuscript writing/editing. FG, JD, CGP, NM, WT, FCG, and JDKD contributed substantially to the study design, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, and critical revision of the article. NB, FG, JD, CGP and JDKD had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

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Correspondence to Nicolas Baldini.

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Conflict of interest

FG reports grants and personal fees from RESMED, personal fees and non-financial support from SEFAM, personal fees from CIDELEC, personal fees and non-financial support from NOVARTIS, personal fees from ACTELION, non-financial support from BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM, personal fees and non-financial support from AIR LIQUIDE SANTE, non-financial support from ASTEN, personal fees and non-financial support from NYXOAH, personal fees and non-financial support from JAZZ Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work.

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Baldini, N., Gagnadoux, F., Trzepizur, W. et al. Long-term dentoskeletal side effects of mandibular advancement therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: data from the Pays de la Loire sleep cohort. Clin Oral Invest 26, 863–874 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04064-7

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