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Differing responses of zircon, chevkinite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce) and fergusonite-(Y) to hydrothermal alteration: Evidence from the Keivy alkaline province, Kola Peninsula, Russia

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Abstract

A quartzolite from the Rova occurrence, Keivy alkali granite province, Kola Peninsula, Russia, is used to examine the differing responses of certain rare-metal minerals during interaction with hydrothermal fluids. The minerals are two silicates [chevkinite-(Ce) and zircon], a phosphate [monazite-(Ce)] and an oxide [fergusonite-(Y)]. Textural evidence is taken to show that the dominant alteration mechanism was interface-coupled dissolution-reprecipitation. Zircon was the most pervasively altered, possibly by broadening of cleavage planes or fractures; the other minerals were altered mainly on their rims and along cracks. The importance of cracks in promoting fluid access is stressed. The compositional effects of the alteration of each phase are documented. The hydrothermal fluids carried few ligands capable of transporting significant amounts of rare-earth elements (REE), high field strength elements (HFSE) and actinides; alteration is inferred to have been promoted by mildly alkaline, Ca-bearing fluids. Expansion cracks emanating from fergusonite-(Y) are filled with unidentified material containing up to 35 wt% UO2 and 25 wt% REE2O3, indicating late-stage, short-distance mobility of these elements. Electron microprobe chemical dating of monazite yielded an age of 1665 ± 22 Ma, much younger than the formation age of the Keivy province (2.65–2.67 Ga) but comparable to that of the Svecofennian metamorphic event which affected the area (1.9–1.7 Ga) or during fluid-thermal activation of the region during rapakivi granite magmatism (1.66–1.56 Ga). Dates for altered monazite range from 2592 ± 244 Ma to 773 ± 88 Ma and reflect disturbance of the U-Th-Pb system during alteration.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is dedicated to Dr. Piotr Dzierżanowski, who died on 31st December, 2015. His warm personality and EPMA expertise will be sorely missed by the mineralogical community. We thank Pavel Uher and Silvio Vlach for very helpful journal reviews and Igor Broska for editorial handling. Research support was provided by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant nos. 16-05-00427 and 16-05-00367 to DZ, and by the National Science Centre (NCN) of Poland, grant N N307 634040 to RM and BB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Warsaw, 02-089, Warszawa, Poland

    Ray Macdonald & Bogusław Bagiński

  2. Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK

    Ray Macdonald

  3. Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia

    Dmitry Zozulya

Authors
  1. Ray Macdonald
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  2. Bogusław Bagiński
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  3. Dmitry Zozulya
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ray Macdonald.

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Editorial handling: I. Broska

Electronic supplementary material

Appendices

Appendices

Table 9 Analytical conditions for fergusonite
Full size table
Table 10 Analytical conditions for zircon
Full size table
Table 11 Analytical conditions for monazite
Full size table
Table 12 Analytical conditions for thorite
Full size table

FileName: BB-n270116.qtiDat

Signal(s) Used: P Ka, Y La, La La, Ce La, Pr Lb, Nd Lb, Sm Lb, Gd Lb, Dy Lb, Er La, Pb Mb, Ca Ka, Th Ma, U Mb, Si Ka

Spectromers Conditions: Sp1 PET, Sp3 TAP, Sp1 PET, Sp1 PET, Sp2 LIF, Sp2 LIF, Sp2 LIF, Sp2 LIF, Sp2 LIF, Sp2 LIF, Sp4 LPET, Sp1 PET, Sp1 PET, Sp4 LPET, Sp3 TAP

Full Spectromers Conditions: Sp1 PET(2d = 8.75,K = 0.000144), Sp3 TAP(2d = 25.745,K = 0.00218), Sp1 PET(2d = 8.75,K = 0.000144), Sp1 PET(2d = 8.75,K = 0.000144), Sp2 LIF(2d = 4.0267,K = 0.000058), Sp2 LIF(2d = 4.0267,K = 0.000058), Sp2 LIF(2d = 4.0267,K = 0.000058), Sp2 LIF(2d = 4.0267,K = 0.000058), Sp2 LIF(2d = 4.0267,K = 0.000058), Sp2 LIF(2d = 4.0267,K = 0.000058), Sp4 LPET(2d = 8.75,K = 0.000144), Sp1 PET(2d = 8.75,K = 0.000144), Sp1 PET(2d = 8.75,K = 0.000144), Sp4 LPET(2d = 8.75,K = 0.000144), Sp3 TAP(2d = 25.745,K = 0.00218)

Column Conditions: Cond 1: 20 keV 40 nA

Date: 29-Dec-2016

User Name: SX

Setup Name: Mona_PD4A.qtiSet

DataSet Comment: Namaqualand

Comment:

Analysis Date: 1/27/2016 3:14:17 PM

Project Name: Default Project

Sample Name: Default Sample

Analysis Parameters:

Sp

Elements

Xtal

Position

Bg+

Bg-

Slope

Bias

Gain

Dtime

Blin

Wind

Mode

Sp1

P Ka

PET

70,350

-800

1150

 

1284

859

3

560

 

Inte

Sp3

Y La

TAP

25,091

-500

 

1

1270

2381

3

560

 

Inte

Sp1

La La

PET

30,456

-700

1100

 

1283

853

3

560

 

Inte

Sp1

Ce La

PET

29,271

-650

950

 

1283

853

3

560

 

Inte

Sp2

Pr Lb

LIF

56,076

-600

800

 

1804

351

3

560

 

Inte

Sp2

Nd Lb

LIF

53,800

 

1700

1.1

1815

356

3

560

 

Inte

Sp2

Sm Lb

LIF

49,625

-600

500

 

1813

352

3

560

 

Inte

Sp2

Gd Lb

LIF

45,859

-750

1820

 

1806

347

3

560

 

Inte

Sp2

Dy Lb

LIF

42,462

-695

1150

 

1803

337

3

560

 

Inte

Sp2

Er La

LIF

44,305

-1160

1230

 

1808

349

3

560

 

Inte

Sp4

Pb Mb

LPET

58,027

-350

1650

 

1819

802

3

560

 

Inte

Sp1

Ca Ka

PET

38,390

 

500

1.1

1286

871

3

560

 

Inte

Sp1

Th Ma

PET

47,275

-650

700

 

1282

873

3

560

 

Inte

Sp4

U Mb

LPET

42,463

-900

1050

 

1815

787

3

560

 

Inte

Sp3

Si Ka

TAP

27,731

 

400

1.1

1270

2381

3

560

 

Inte

Peak Position: Sp1 70350 (−800, 1150), Sp3 25091 (−500), Sp1 30456 (−700, 1100), Sp1 29271 (−650, 950), Sp2 56076 (−600, 800), Sp2 53800 (1700, 1.1), Sp2 49625 (−600, 500), Sp2 45859 (−750, 1820), Sp2 42462 (−695, 1150), Sp2 44305 (−1160, 1230), Sp4 58027 (−350, 1650), Sp1 38390 (500, 1.1), Sp1 47275 (−650, 700), Sp4 42463 (−900, 1050), Sp3 27731 (400, 1.1)

Standard composition:

Ca5P3O12F = Ca: 39.7368%, P: 18.4251%, O: 38.071%, F: 3.7671%

YPO4 = Y: 48.3501%, P: 16.8446%, O: 34.8053%

LaPO4 = La: 59.392%, P: 13.2435%, O: 27.3645%

CePO4 = Ce: 59.6018%, P: 13.1751%, O: 27.2231%

PrPO4 = Pr: 59.7367%, P: 13.1311%, O: 27.1322%

NdPO4 = Nd: 60.2976%, P: 12.9482%, O: 26.7542%

SmP5O14 = Sm: 28.4166%, P: 29.2609%, O: 42.3225%

GdPO4 = Gd: 62.3455%, P: 12.2803%, O: 25.3742%

DyPO4 = Dy: 63.1133%, P: 12.0299%, O: 24.8568%

ErPO4 = Er: 63.7828%, P: 11.8115%, O: 24.4056%

PbCrO4 = Pb: 64.1098%, Cr: 16.0881%, O: 19.8022%

Diopside-21 = O: 44.3%, Mg: 11.23%, Al: 0.05%, Si: 25.88%, Ca: 18.39%, Ti: 0.05%, Mn: 0.04%, Fe: 0.04%

ThO2 = Th: 87.8806%, O: 12.1194%

UO2 = U: 88.1495%, O: 11.8505%

Calibration file name (Element intensity cps/nA):

P: Ca5P3O12F_P Sp1_P Sp4_001.calDat (P: 81.4 cps/nA)

Y: YPO4_Y Sp3_001.calDat (Y: 403.9 cps/nA

La: LaPO4_LaSp1_LaSp2_LaSp4_001.calDat (La: 287.9 cps/nA)

Ce: CePO4_CeSp1_CeSp2_CeSp4_001.calDat (Ce: 291.8 cps/nA)

Pr: PrPO4_PrSp2_001.calDat (Pr: 38.3 cps/nA)

Nd: NdPO4_NdSp1_NdSp2_NdSp4_001.calDat (Nd: 47.8 cps/nA)

Sm: SmP5O14_SmSp2_001.calDat (Sm: 23.4 cps/nA)

Gd: GdPO4_GdSp2_001.calDat (Gd: 62.6 cps/nA)

Dy: DyPO4_DySp2_001.calDat (Dy: 68.7 cps/nA)

Er: ErPO4_ErSp2_001.calDat (Er: 124.4 cps/nA)

Pb: PbCrO4_PbSp4_001.calDat (Pb: 137.2 cps/nA)

Ca: Diopside-21_CaSp1_CaSp4_001.calDat (Ca: 221.1 cps/nA)

Th: ThO2_ThSp1_ThSp4_005.calDat (Th: 104.6 cps/nA)

U: UO2_U Sp1_U Sp4_005.calDat (U: 462.2 cps/nA)

Si: Diopside_SiSp3_005.calDat (Si: 468.5 cps/nA)

Beam Size: 0 μm

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Macdonald, R., Bagiński, B. & Zozulya, D. Differing responses of zircon, chevkinite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce) and fergusonite-(Y) to hydrothermal alteration: Evidence from the Keivy alkaline province, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Miner Petrol 111, 523–545 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0506-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-017-0506-2

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