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Stress responsiveness of vindoline accumulation in Catharanthus roseus leaves is mediated through co-expression of allene oxide cyclase with pathway genes

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Abstract

Vindoline is an important alkaloid produced in Catharanthus roseus leaves. It is the more important monomer of the scarce and costly anticancer bisindole alkaloids, vincristine, and vinblastine, as unlike catharanthine (the other monomer), its biosynthesis is restricted to the leaves. Here, biotic (bacterial endophyte, phytoplasma, virus) and abiotic (temperature, salinity, SA, MeJa) factors were studied for their effect on vindoline accumulation in C. roseus. Variations in vindoline pathway-related gene expression were reflected in changes in vindoline content. Since allene oxide cyclase (CrAOC) is involved in jasmonate biosynthesis and MeJa modulates many vindoline pathway genes, the correlation between CrAOC expression and vindoline content was studied. It was taken up for full-length cloning, tissue-specific expression profiling, in silico analyses, and upstream genomic region analysis for cis-regulatory elements. Co-expression analysis of CrAOC with vindoline metabolism-related genes under the influence of aforementioned abiotic/biotic factors indicated its stronger direct correlation with the tabersonine-to-vindoline genes (t16h, omt, t3o, t3r, nmt, d4h, dat) as compared to the pre-tabersonine genes (tdc, str, sgd). Its expression was inversely related to that of downstream-acting peroxidase (prx) (except under temperature stress). Direct/positive relationship of CrAOC expression with vindoline content established it as a key gene modulating vindoline accumulation in C. roseus.

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Abbreviations

CMV:

Cucumber mosaic virus

dat :

Acetyl coenzyme A: 4-O-deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase

d4h :

Desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase

JA:

Jasmonate

MeJa:

Methyl jasmonate

MSA:

Multiple sequence alignment

nmt :

S-adenosyl-L methionine: 16-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine-N-methyltransferase

omt :

16-Hydroxytabersonine-16-O-methyltransferase

OPDA:

12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid

ORCA:

Octadecanoid-responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein

prx :

Peroxidase

SA:

Salicylic acid

sgd :

Strictosidine β-D-glucosidase

str :

Strictosidine synthase

tdc :

Tryptophan decarboxylase

t16h :

Tabersonine 16-hydroxylase

t3o :

Tabersonine 3-oxygenase

t3r :

Tabersonine 3-reductase

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Director, CSIR-CIMAP, for encouragement and providing facilities for conducting the experiments. They are also thankful to Dr. Anil K. Gupta, Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-CIMAP and Curator, National Gene Bank for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants at CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow, for his help and cooperation.

Funding

This study was financially supported by a grant (EMR/2016/002026) from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India. MM was supported by a UGC Research Fellowship. This is CIMAP Communication No.: CIMAP/PUB/2020/OCT/108.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India

    Maneesha Mall, Karuna Shanker, Abdul Samad, Alok Kalra & Ashutosh K. Shukla

  2. CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India

    Velusamy Sundaresan

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  1. Maneesha Mall
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  2. Karuna Shanker
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  3. Abdul Samad
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  6. Ashutosh K. Shukla
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Contributions

MM carried out the experiments, recorded the observations and analyzed the data. KS carried out the chemical analysis for vindoline. AS identified the phytoplasma and CMV infections on the plant as well as helped in their characterization. AK contributed the endophytes and helped in the endophyte-related experiments. VS helped in data analysis. AKS conceived and planned the study and interpreted the data. MM and AKS prepared the manuscript that was read and approved by all the authors.

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Correspondence to Ashutosh K. Shukla.

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Mall, M., Shanker, K., Samad, A. et al. Stress responsiveness of vindoline accumulation in Catharanthus roseus leaves is mediated through co-expression of allene oxide cyclase with pathway genes. Protoplasma 259, 755–773 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01701-6

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