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A fluorometric clenbuterol immunoassay using sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots

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Abstract

A fluorometric clenbuterol immunoassay is described that uses S- and N-co-doped carbon quantum dots as the fluorescent probe. Strongly fluorescent S/N-doped carbon quantum dots (S/N-CDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method using fructose as the carbon precursor and L-cysteine as S/N sources. The S/N-CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Under 350 nm photoexcitation, they display strong purple fluorescence with an emission peak at 405 nm. In pH 4.0 solution, the amino groups (confirmed by FTIR) on the carbon quantum dots were coupled to clenbuterol antibody (Ab) by amine–amine coupling reaction to quench the fluorescence. If clenbuterol (Clen) is added, it binds to the Ab to generate a stable Ab-Clen immunocomplex and free S/N-CD. This causes the fluorescence of nanoprobe to be restored. The fluorescence of the system increases linearly in the 0.07–1.7 ng·mL−1 Clen concentration range. The probe of type S/N4-CD displays the best sensitivity. The detection limit is 23 pg·mL−1.

Schematic presentation of clenbuterol fluorometric immunoassay using sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21667006, 21767004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China

    Dongmei Yao, Aihui Liang & Zhiliang Jiang

  2. College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, 546300, China

    Dongmei Yao

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  1. Dongmei Yao
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  2. Aihui Liang
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Correspondence to Aihui Liang.

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Yao, D., Liang, A. & Jiang, Z. A fluorometric clenbuterol immunoassay using sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots. Microchim Acta 186, 323 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3431-8

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