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Cold stress combined with salt or abscisic acid supplementation enhances lipogenesis and carotenogenesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae)

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Abstract

Compounds from microalgae such as ω3-fatty acids or carotenoid are commercially exploited within the pharmacology, nutraceutical, or cosmetic sectors. The co-stimulation of several compounds of interest may improve the cost-effectiveness of microalgal biorefinery pipelines. This study focussed on Phaeodactylum tricornutum to investigate the effects on lipogenesis and carotenogenesis of combined stressors, here cold temperature and addition of NaCl salt or the phytohormone abscisic acid, using a two-stage cultivation strategy. Cold stress with NaCl or phytohormone addition increased the neutral lipid content of the biomass (20 to 35%). These treatments also enhanced the proportions of EPA (22% greater than control) in the fatty acid profile. Also, these treatments had a stimulatory effect on carotenogenesis, especially the combination of cold stress with NaCl addition, which returned the highest production of fucoxanthin (33% increase). The gene expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and the ω-3 desaturase precursor (PTD15) were enhanced 4- and 16-fold relative to the control, respectively. In addition, zeaxanthin epoxidase 3 (ZEP3), was downregulated at low temperature when combined with abscisic acid. These results highlight the benefits of applying a combination of low temperature and salinity stress, to simultaneously enhance the yields of the valuable metabolites EPA and fucoxanthin in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge financial support from the VES4US project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant Agreement No 801338.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Centre for Environmental Research, Sustainability and Innovation, Atlantic Technological University, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland

    David Fierli, Maria Elena Barone & Nicolas Touzet

  2. School of Science, Department of Life Sciences, Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Atlantic Technological University, Ash Ln, Ballytivnan, Sligo, F91 YW50, Ireland

    Valeria Graceffa

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Contributions

DF, MEB and NT developed the experimental design. DF carried out the cell cultivation. DF and MEB performed the HPLC and GC–MS analyses. MEB carried out the Nile Red and TBARS analyses. DF and VG conducted the molecular biology analyses. DF and MEB led the drafting of the manuscript. All authors contributed to editing and finalising the manuscript.

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Correspondence to David Fierli.

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Fierli, D., Barone, M.E., Graceffa, V. et al. Cold stress combined with salt or abscisic acid supplementation enhances lipogenesis and carotenogenesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 45, 1967–1977 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-022-02800-1

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